Analyze how spiderman fits the classic heroic models while still Essay

Analyze how spiderman fits the classic heroic models while still presenting a uniquely american prespective - Essay Example For example, in the film Spiderman, when the super hero saves her, the character of Aunt May says, â€Å"Everybody loves a hero. People line up for them†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.just to get a glimpse of the one who taught them how to hold on a second longer. I believe theres a hero in all of us, that keeps us honest, gives us strength, makes us noble†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  In mythology, a classic hero is a character who has a problem and must fight to overcome it. In classic mythology, a hero always had to make a journey and he is required to pass through many tests and ordeals as he comes up against forces of evil, however what ultimately helps him to overcome the ordeal and win is confronting his own nature.(Campbell, 1993). According to Campbell, the mythological hero sets forth from his hut or castle and proceeds to the threshold of adventure. There he must move forward fighting the forces of evil in the world of darkness and evil. When he returns , the boon that he brings is able to restore the world. This hero journey model essentially begins with the introduction of the character and his problem, then it follows him through several stages until he finally gets his reward. This classic pattern is also reiterated in Spiderman, whose alter ego is Peter Parker, the typically conflicted hero who is nerdy and a geek, but who rises above his limitations to achieve self knowledge and becomes a force to reckon with, as he fights the forces of evil so that good can triumph. At first, he is just an ordinary guy who lives with his aunt and Uncle and pines for the girl next door – Mary Jane – who is the shallow but popular school leader’s girlfriend. The threshold of the adventure begins when Parker is bitten by a spider and acquires unusual powers, such as the ability to spin webs, a spider sense which tingles in the presence of evil and superb acrobatic strength. He then begins the

Expository Essay on Exercise and Obesity Essay Example for Free

Expository Essay on Exercise and Obesity Essay Some say that a decreased amount of sleep time can be associated with the increase of body fat. Insomnia or sleep apnea or even RLS (restless sleep syndrome) are just three out of many different types serious sleep that can also in fact lead to all kinds of increased risk several other chronic health problems. Multiple studies have explained the sudden impulse of these sleep disorders and the links its shares on obesity, these are very important links in contemplating the relationship between sleep disorders obesity. Physical fitness and good eating habits are important prognostic tools in obesity and chronic disease; there are several studies that have examined the likeness between obesity, sleep disorders, and exercise. It also explains how different sleep disorders may impact the physical fitness regimen responses and how extremely overweight may impact lifestyles of the patients with regard to sleep disorders will also be reviewed. (Hargens, 2013) (Nature Science of sleep. 2013 Vol 5 p,27-35. 9p. The explanation to these issues include better understanding of the medical community, However, it does still remain brainless about these ailment processes of work out and sleep destitute patients. For the most part doctors recommend medications with side effects that include insomnia and weight gain instead of giving out information to their patients that help them to get better standard of living improvement. This often entails exceptional doctors with outstanding management such as medication with no negative side effects. [ (hargens, 2013) ] Many studies have established the link between sleep deficiency and both obesity and even the illness called diabetes. By getting a good work out may improve sleep destitute patients and their daily functions, additionally to gaining weight and metabolism function. Obesity has been a main part in the connection with SC and DC in women, and DC in men. (Grandner) April 24 2013 The resolution to these issues contain better understanding of the health community, However, it does still continues to be dense about these ailment process of obesity. exercise and sleep destitute patients.

The Challenge of Having Faith in God Today Essay -- Philosophy Religio

The Challenge of Having Faith in God Today In Elie Wiesel’s book Night, one character professes to have â€Å"more faith in Hitler than in anyone else. He’s the only one who’s kept his promises, all his promises, to the Jewish people† (77). After all they have gone through in their rich and lengthy history, Jews have every right to feel angry toward God for not keeping His promises. God told them that they were His chosen people; but who would feel privileged to be a Jew if being â€Å"chosen† meant having to live through Auschwitz? For many Jews who lived through the Holocaust, their faith in God will never be the same. The question that many of them ask is â€Å"Why?† Why the gas chambers? Why the Jews? â€Å"Why has God apparently forsaken us?† Many survivors feel great anger towards the God of their ancestors, and through this anger they try to understand the â€Å"whys.† For many, this is the only way they can live after what they have been through. Throu gh anger, survivors can assert their presence: â€Å"To overwhelming death one must respond with overwhelming life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Greenberg 330). In a post-Holocaust age, a logical and reasonable way for many survivors to relate to God is through anger and controversy rather than through a passive acceptance of God's will. Elie Wiesel is probably the best known Holocaust survivor alive today. He has written several books about his experiences in the concentration camps and his reflections on the Holocaust. Wiesel’s work is known for the hard questions that it poses, and the sensitive issues that it discusses. Wiesel himself is an excellent example of how the Holocaust destroyed or at least significantly altered the faith of many of its victims. Before he was deported, the 15-year-old Wiesel wa... ... Otherwise, how do we know that He is listening to us? Or how do we know that He cares about what happens to us? How do we even know that God did not hang on the gallows of Auschwitz? Works Cited Brown, Robert McAfee. Introduction. The Trial of God. New York: Schocken Books, 1979. vii-xix. Greenberg, Irving. â€Å"Cloud of Smoke, Pillar of Fire.† Holocaust. John K. Roth and Michael Berenbaum, eds. St. Paul, MN: Paragon House, 1989. â€Å"The Book of Job.† The Harper Collins Study Bible. NRSV. London: Harper Collins Publishers, 1989. Kushner, Harold S. When Bad Things Happen to Good People. New York: Avon Books, 1981. Mauriac, Francois. Forward. Night. by Elie Wiesel. New York: Bantam Books, 1960. vii-xi. Wiesel, Elie. Night. New York: Bantam Books, 1960. Wiesel, Elie. The Trial of God. New York: Schocken Books, 1979.

Mosaic vs Melting Pot

Canada prides itself at home and abroad as a country made up of a cultural mosaic rather than a cultural melting pot. The mosaic is based on our belief that Canada as a whole becomes stronger by having immigrants bring with them their cultural diversity for all Canadians to learn from. The cultural melting pot, as adopted in the United States, tells immigrants that no matter who they have been in the past, upon landing on American shores, they are Americans and are expected to adopt and follow the American way. At the heart of Canadian society is our legal system. Our legal system is based on the English Common Law model, which in turn is based on a value system that places a strict adherence to following procedural rules over the substantive matter before the Court. The Canadian model is based on precedence which means that Courts are loath to do anything that has not been done by some Court previously. This in turn makes Cana- dian Courts very slow to adapt or adopt new ideas or social mores. From a cultural perspective, the Canadian legal system takes the `melting pot' approach, which is to say that culturally unique methods of dispute resolu- tion are not accepted by our legal system. Instead, our legal system imposes its values on all who come before it. For example, in the family separation cases the courts apply English or French legal systems, yet there are varied cultures and people in Canada with different notions of what a family separation should mean or entail and that is not always reflected in court decisions. The courts are not always obliged to take cultural values in account when decisions are made. One of the issues this dichotomy presents are how the Canadian legal system can be more flexible in accepting different values for settling disputes.

A Newborn Is Thrown in the Trash and Dies

A Newborn Thrown in the Trash and Dies is a thought provoking, gut wrenching tale about an infant who is born to a teenage mother that lives in a housing project in New York and is thrown down the trash, down ten floors to thecompactor chute to its death. The story is narrated by the unnamed infant who is the subject of the story. She is the sympathetic character as she describes her projected lifehas horrible as her certain death. She doesn’t seem bitter about dying, she feels sympathy for the mother who put her in the trash and accepts her life as being â€Å"how it is,† as she doesn’t know any better. As she passes each floor she shares the peek that she is given, from learning that people talk out of both sides of their mouths, political power, her molestation, and even the death of her brother. The infant almost gives the reader the idea that her life will be just as tragic as her death and wouldn’t change anything. She would just be one of many stories published in the paper. She believes that a Russian on the other side of the world is going through the same thing, that even though they are from different countries they have poverty in common. This is true today, we hear horrible stories about things that happen to children and the people of the city have become numb to its affects. For example, children are abducted from the city all of the time and it is reported, right after the story the news anchors switches gears and gives the weather as if they were not affected by what they have just reported. It seems that it is as easy to them as reporting rain or a traffic jam, they seem unaffected which is conveys to the listening audience. Those of us who are affected will be for a short time, but not enough to where we will feel that we need to do something about it. Life will continue to go on as it always has and stories like these will continue to occur. The story makes me question what I have become numb to and what do I consider normal. When I watch the news I almost expect to see where someone is murdered in the city. What is wrong with me, us, society? The story describes that there have been nine babies discarded in 1990 and as of August of the following year seven discarded babies were discovered. How ironic is it that the name of her housing project where she is born and dies is called the Gerald J. Carey Gardens. A garden is a place where seeds are planted, nurtured and tended, the total opposite of what was happening to her.

Exercise in Using the Correct Forms of Irregular Verbs

Exercise in Using the Correct Forms of Irregular Verbs This exercise will give you practice in using the correct forms of irregular verbs. Before attempting the exercise, you may find it helpful to review these two articles: Introduction to Irregular VerbsPrincipal Parts of Irregular Verbs Exercise Complete each sentence below with the appropriate present, past, or past-participle form of the irregular verb in italics. When youre done, compare your answers with those below. Uncle Bert told me he had _____ (sell) his car for one dollar to a needy family.No one answered when Freddie _____ (ring) the doorbell.We nearly _____ (freeze) our toes off in a bedroom that wasnt heated.Jessica suddenly remembered that a week ago she had _____ (lend) her brother a hundred dollars.My sister left the birthday party early because she had _____ (drink) too much Coca Cola and made herself sick.Last Sunday morning we discovered that the old boiler had _____ (spring) a leak.John went to the blackboard and _____ (draw) a picture of the playground.Dont call the world dirty because you _____ (forget) to clean your glasses.Jobie had _____ (string) a clothesline from the top of the trailer to the woodshed eaves.The group had _____ (begin) to split up into cliques and factions.Buddy had never _____ (ride) in a limousine before.Habit is a cable; we _____ (weave) a thread of it each day, and at last we cannot break it. (Horace Mann)The paper reported that a major earthquake had __ ___ (shake) the interior of Mexico, killing thousands. When we were five years old, Mike and I solemnly _____ (swear) to remain friends forever.Moira had _____ (mean) to send her father a birthday card, but as usual she forgot.The force of the shock from the explosion _____ (break) every window in the old school building.Uncle Bert had _____ (go) to the post office at lunchtime but never came back.Trying to be good Samaritans had _____ (bring) us nothing but trouble.The student insisted that someone had _____ (steal) his sunglasses, but everyone could see that they were still sitting on top of his head.Walt Disney claimed that he loved Mickey Mouse more than any woman he had ever _____ (know). Answers   Uncle Bert told me he had  sold  his car for one dollar to a needy family.No one answered when Freddie  rang  the doorbell.We nearly  froze  our toes off in a bedroom that wasnt heated.Jessica suddenly remembered that a week ago she had  lent  her brother a hundred dollars.My sister left the birthday party early because she had  drunk  too much Coca Cola and made herself sick.Last Sunday morning we discovered that the old boiler had  sprung  a leak.John went to the blackboard and  drew  a picture of the playground.Dont call the world dirty because you  forgot  to clean your glasses.Jobie had  strung  a clothesline from the top of the trailer to the woodshed eaves.The group had  begun  to split up into cliques and factions.Buddy had never  ridden  in a limousine before.Habit is a cable; we  weave  a thread of it each day, and at last we cannot break it. (Horace Mann)The paper reported that a major earthquake had  shaken  the interior of Mexico, killing thousands.When we were five years old, Mike and I solemnly  swore  to remain friends forever. Moira had  meant  to send her father a birthday card, but as  usual  she forgot.The force of the shock from the explosion  broke  every window in the old school building.Uncle Bert had  gone  to the post office at lunchtime but never came back.Trying to be good Samaritans had  brought  us nothing but trouble.The student insisted that someone had  stolen  his sunglasses, but everyone could see that they were still sitting on top of his head.Walt Disney claimed that he loved Mickey Mouse more than any woman he had ever  known

Write a Book About Your Business to Boost Your Sales and Awareness

Write a Book About Your Business to Boost Your Sales and Awareness Write a Book About Your Business to Boost Your Sales and Awareness So you have a business that you are rather proud of. That’s fantastic! And what would make things even better would be writing a book about your business.Why not? After all, you have already created a vital business, and helping others would validate your trade and diversify it as well. A published book is passive income.In addition to becoming an author, you would be marketing your business through a different venue. We’re talking win-win here!Heres what well teach you about how to write a book about your business:Brainstorm Your Book ContentConsiderations for Writing a Book About Your BusinessChoosing a Title for Your BookWrite Your book Get Feedback From FriendsFinish Fast and ImperfectlyCreate folders for imagesChoose a publishing platformNOTE: If youre ready to grow your business by writing a book (like Chandler Bolt did with this very company), we have everything you need in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it hereWhy Write a Book About Your Busin ess?This is an obvious question. You already run your business every day, what good could come from writing a book about it?Here are some benefits of writing a book about your business:You gain authorityYou reach new potential customersYou gain opportunities for speaking engagementsYou can capture more leads by using your bookYou gain credibility to both potential customers and others in your fieldThis very blog is built on the back of a website that was started with a book. Chandler Bolt published his first bestselling book at the age of 19 and since, has built an 8-figure business from the process- while using his latest book Published. to make it more successful.Brainstorm Your Business Books ContentYou have already experienced the step-by-step process of establishing your own livelihood whether it is full time or a sideline. Now all you have to do is explain what you did to grow your business.One strategy is to pretend you are advising a close friend what steps to take.Here are some ways to come up with your book idea:Brainstorm a random list of everything you remember doing when you started your business.Don’t stop now; keep brainstorming! List everything you want to include in the bookand even things that won’t go in the book. If it crosses your mind, write it down. Well put all of that into a book outline later.Take a break. Walk away from the computer! Eat, drink, walk, or talk.Break’s over. You’ve got a book to write!List the process of how you created and grew your business in chronological order. This list is your reference point for an informal outline and table of contents.Prioritize. What are the top topics that you want to emphasize in your book? What do you wish you would have known when first starting your business? Most importantly, what will your readers gain from learning about your business? Let them learn from your mistakes and share in your successes.Make each topic a separate chapter even if it is really shor t.People like concise information, so keep your paragraphs short. Incorporate bullet points that shoot straight to the core matter for easier skimming.Look through old computer files and photographs to remind you of things that you may have forgotten connected directly or indirectly with your business.Check your lists more than twice. Did you remember to include everything that matters?Once youve got the gist of what content your book will be, youll be ready for the next step in your business-to-book writing process.What to Consider When Writing a Book About Your BusinessThere are a few things youll want to think about when writing your book about your business.Here are some thins to consider before writing your book.#1 Do I want photographs in my book?Depending on your business, you may find it worthwhile to add pictures in your book for explanation purposes or something just as relevant.For example, in my book Rockin Crystals: How Healing Crystals Can Rock Your Life, I used image s in a number of areas as you can see below.Advantages of using images in your book:Color pictures add, um, color, and people like color.Photos attract interest and authority.Pictures explain in ways that words lack (unless you use 1,000 words per picture, according to the cliche).Cell phones and their apps make it easy to take and edit pictures.Disadvantages of using pictures in your book:They add to your book’s production costs.The electronic version may take a bit longer to download (but I have never had a problem with that).If you have an audio version of your book, the pictures would not be included in the content.Ultimately, its up to you to decide whether or not to include pictures. If it adds to the overall experience, we recommend it.However, if pictures will only be a distraction and not useful, skip them.#2 How long do I want this book to be, anyway?Does it matter, or do I just write until I am done?This is a question many authors have regularly. How many words ar e in a novel?For writing a book about your business, we recommend you write between 20,000 50,000 words.This is because any shorter, and it wont give your readers all the information they want and more than 50,000 words and you run the risk of boring your readers or giving them too much information.This is also known as overwriting, which can be trimmed during editing but you want to make sure your book is a clean, concise, and helpful as possible.#3 Do I want multiple formats of a book?Publishing your book in different formats can help you reach a wider audience. But that also means you have to decide if you want to pursue multiple formats.Here are the different book formats you can publish:Publish an ebookPaperback bookHardcoverAudiobooksEach of these book variations comes with its own pros and cons. For example, if you choose to distribute an audiobook, youll have to learn how to make an audiobook in the first place.Publishing ebooks also comes with its own set of rules to foll ow.Ultimately, its recommended to publish a version of each in order to maximize your audience, but do what works best for you.Choosing a Title for Your BookPeople like knowing other people’s business. Call them curious, call them snoopy, just call to them to buy your book to learn about your business. Teach them your secrets.Here are some overall tips for titling a book from the Self-Publishing School Youtube Channel. If you want some additional tips for choosing a book title, heres what worked for me:A book about a business is a niche market, so make sure that your title makes the topic clear. For example, The Craft Fair Vendor Guidebook lets the reader know that the book is a guide about being a craft fair vendor. The subtitle, Ideas to Inspire, adds another element to the reader’s expectations. The cover’s photograph shows a booth with handcrafted jewelry, another clue.In your book’s description, clearly explain what type(s) of business you will be co vering. People like to know what to expect and may feel tricked if the book’s description isn’t comprehensive enough. A suggestion is to write your book’s description before writing the book. It’s like a â€Å"thesis paragraph† to keep yourself focused. You can keep revising the overview to fit the book as it develops. Also, that gives you more time to decide if the description is its absolute best before uploading it onto your publishing site.Spell out examples of how your business practices can be applied to other ventures. The more crossover applications, the more types of people will be interested in your book.Although you want all of the book to be appealing, you want the first pages to be extra engaging because those are the pages that potential readers will see if they use the â€Å"Look inside† feature on Amazon.If you searched for a book about someone else’s business, what details did you want to learn? Cover these topics in your book and then some- bonus points if you use a unique take on them.Writing a Book About Your BusinessNow that youve got to the meat of what youre writing about, you have a clear outline for your book, and you even have a title on hand, its time to write your book.These are my best tips for writing a book about your business in order to get it right.#1 Look over your brainstorming notesIt always pays to have your notes handy in case there are items you forgot about that are beneficial to include.Heres a few things to keep in mind when going back over your notes:Are there any important pieces of information that didnt make it into the outline?What bits and pieces of your notes can make your book more unique than others on the market?Is there anything you feel you need in your book that you didnt include in the outline before?Once youve got those notes, move on to the next step.#2 Get feedback from friendsTell a friend who doesn’t know much about business about your book.N otice the questions your friend asks because readers will most likely have the same questions. These are very important to take note of because theyre what youll directly answer and address in your book.Take those questions and create sections in your chapters to answer them specifically.#3 Develop a writing time and habitThe best way youll get your book done is to form a writing routine that will enable you to finish your book faster.You can set a scheduled time each day to write and notify those around you that it is your time to work on your book.These are our top tips for developing a writing habit:Create a writing schedule like the one featured aboveEliminate distractions that will keep you from writingFind a writing space thats 100% dedicated to writing your bookStick with it for the first few weeks before it forms into a habitFind others who can keep you accountableForming this habit can be the hardest part of writing a book about your business- especially because your busin ess takes up a lot of time.Using these tips will help.#4 Finish fast and with faultWorry about grammar laterbut please do worry about it later- editing your book is important!I recommend just plowing through in order to finish your first draft faster. After all, done is better than perfect.Plus, you cant edit a blank page and one of the biggest indicators of success for aspiring authors is finishing your first draft.#5 Create folders for imagesThis is a very important part of keeping all of your books contents organized so you dont make the mistakes of losing something thats vital.If you are going to have pictures, create folders to keep them organized.You can use Google Drive to store all of your photos so its easier to collaborate with your book formatter or editor.Another option is to use Dropbox for storing photos for your book.You can read about more pieces of writing software you can use for writing your book as well.The big takeaway with storing your images in folders, howe ver, is that you know exactly where everything is and can keep track of it through the proofing, editing, and publishing process.#6 Choose a publishing platformIf you are going to publish your book through more than one platform, definitely have folders to keep everything straight, like in the image below.Here are a few publishing platforms you can use:Amazon Kindle Direct PublishingBarnes and Noble PressIngramsparkLuluThere are other self-publishing companies out there but these are the top recommended.Another thing to keep in mind when choosing your publishing platform is that KDP and Barnes and Noble offer free ISBNs (only for distribution on their channels), while Ingramspark does not.However, Self-Publishing School students are recommended to buy unique ISBNs anyways, so you can distribute on multiple platforms in the future.#7 Read each chapter aloudYou can do this to yourself or even to others to see how it flows and to see what questions or suggestions your listeners may h ave.The reason for this is because you can often catch a lot of issues like your style, flow, or even sentence structure when reading aloud that you wont catch if you read it in your head.This is a great way to proof and self-edit your book.#8 Just keep writing Until you have covered everything important, just keep writing. Its the best way to write faster and finish your first draft.Dont think about anything else and just write.When you start worrying about your book or how itll be received, cast the thoughts aside and get back to it. Youll never publish a book if you cant finish it.#9 Proofread and reviseThe next step for writing a book about your business is to proofread it and reviseuntil you cant stand to look at your book any longer.Make notes in areas you want to change or you want your editor to pay special attention to.A great way to do this is to type TK into the text of your document so you can later do a search and find all TKs in your manuscript. This will only bring up those areas for you to rewrite or proof because TK doesnt appear next to each other in the English language.#10 Get feedback on the whole bookAsk people to give you feedback on the full book. They need to have excellent grammar skills and be detail-oriented.This is also known as the beta reading process or less commonly, the alpha reading process.The idea here is to have others give you direct and raw feedback about your book and what you can do to make it better.Here are some questions to ask people giving you feedback on your book:Was everything clear and easy to understand?What was your biggest takeaway from it?Did you find any parts boring or slow?What other feedback do you have that I didnt ask you about?Doing this will help ensure your published product is the best it can be for new readers.#11 Let it sitWhen you feel like you are done, don’t look at your manuscript for days, maybe even a week or two. Then go back with fresh eyes.You will find more errors to fix!Th e reason for this is to separate yourself from your work a bit. The longer youre away from your own work, the easier it is to determine its flaws, which will help you write a better book overall.#12 Publish Your Book About Your BusinessWhen you believe that your book is at its best, it is time to publish it.Search for the advantages and disadvantages of the publishing options and make your decision. Obviously, Im a big proponent of self-publishing a book, but you can check out this blog post about the differences between self-publishing vs traditional publishing.From there, you can prepare a launch party and gather your launch team. Upload your book and congratulate yourself! Exciting days are ahead!Are you ready to write your own book about your business?You can start TODAY! Check out this free training by Chandler Bolt to get started.

Cetacean Characteristics and Facts

Cetacean Characteristics and Facts The word cetacean is used to describe all whales, dolphins and porpoises in the order Cetacea. This word comes from the Latin cetus meaning a large sea animal, and the Greek word ketos, meaning sea monster. There are about 89 species of cetaceans. The term about is used because as scientists learn more about these fascinating animals, new species are discovered or populations are re-classified. Cetaceans range in size from the tiniest dolphin, Hectors dolphin, which is just over 39 inches long, to the largest whale, the blue whale, which can be over 100 feet long. Cetaceans live in all of the oceans and many of the major rivers of the world. Cetaceans are thought to have evolved from even-toed ungulates (a group that includes cows, camels, and deer). Types of Cetaceans There are many types of cetaceans, which are divided largely according to how they feed. The order Cetacea is divided into two sub-orders, the Mysticetes (baleen whales) and the Odontocetes (toothed whales). The Odontocetes are more numerous, comprising 72 different species, compared to 14 baleen whale species. The Mysticetes include species such as the blue whale, fin whale, right whale, and humpback whale. Mysticetes have hundreds of comb-like plates of baleen hanging from their upper jaw. Baleen whales feed by gulping large amounts of water containing hundreds or thousands of fish or plankton, then forcing the water out in between the baleen plates, leaving the prey inside to be swallowed whole. Odontocetes include the sperm whale, orca (killer whale), beluga  and all of the dolphins and porpoises. These animals have cone-shaped or spade-shaped teeth and usually capture one animal at a time and swallow it whole. Odontocetes feed mostly on fish and squid, although some orcas prey on other marine mammals. Cetacean Characteristics Cetaceans are mammals, which means they are endothermic (commonly called warm-blooded) and their internal body temperature is about the same as a humans. They give birth to live young and breathe air through lungs just like we do. They even have hair. Unlike fish, which swim by moving their heads from side-to-side to swing their tail, cetaceans propel themselves by moving their tail in a smooth, up-and-down motion. Some cetaceans, such as the Dalls porpoise and the orca (killer whale) can swim faster than 30 miles per hour. Breathing When a cetacean wants to breathe, it has to rise to the water surface and exhale and inhale out of the blowholes located on top of its head. When the cetacean comes to the surface and exhales, you can sometimes see the spout, or blow, which is the result of the warm air in the whales lungs condensing upon reaching the cool air outside. Insulation Whales do not have a coat of fur to keep warm, so they have a thick layer of fat and connective tissue called blubber underneath their skin. This blubber layer can be as much as 24 inches thick in some whales. Senses Whales have a poor sense of smell, and depending on where they are, they may not be able to see well underwater. However, they have excellent hearing. They do not have external ears but have tiny ear openings behind each eye. They can also tell the direction of sound underwater. Diving Whales have collapsible rib cages and flexible skeletons, which allows them to compensate for high water pressure when they dive. They can also tolerate higher levels of carbon dioxide in their blood, allowing them to stay underwater for up to 1 to 2 hours for large whales.

Business Law and Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Law and Ethics - Case Study Example According to my opinion, when the managers at the Ford Company knew the danger of the faulty fuel tanks in their newly designed products, then it is very much unethical to do any cost-benefit analysis. It seems that Ford wants to do a cost and benefit analysis in the replacement of many people who are anxious to buy the first Fort Pinto car. In this situation of Ford Pinto Case analysis, the cost and benefit analysis play the same role as we say the rule of profit maximization. The rule of profit maximization says the taking care of profits irrespective of anything else is similar that we may do a cost analysis when we are aware of the fact that there are human lives involved in the situation. The managers should do a detailed analysis on the design and features of the product before taking any final decision. If the product safety may fall short behind the ethical boundary then it will be difficult for the business to cover up the losses in the form of a bad image of the company in the market. The ethical issue in the Ford Pinto case study is the faulty fuel tanks in the newly launched product and the top management is fully aware of the faults. The top most ethical conflict was the rejection of the Incharge of Ford Pinto to adopt any additional cost of giving the safety measures in the product. The most affected stakeholders of this unethical act are the customers who are willing to buy the newly launched Ford Pinto. Including them, many other stakeholders are also affected by this decision of Ford.

Parent's Use of Physical Punishment Increases Violent Behavior Essay

Parent's Use of Physical Punishment Increases Violent Behavior - Essay Example Also, children may develop depression and asocial behavior as they grow old. While some psychologists argue that physical punishments may lead to disciplined children, there are various risks associated with it. By evaluating the risks of physical punishments, I wish to assess the various alternatives to physical punishments so as to bring out a positive upbringing in children. Physical punishment has been associated with adverse consequences in children including aggression, psychopathology, and criminal involvement (Boutwell, Franklin, Barnes & Beaver, 559). Research has proved the positive relationship between physical punishment and aggressive behavior among children (Kandel, n.pag.). Statistical studies have shown a positive correlation between the two variables with a stronger correlation among males. Among children older than five years of age, physical punishment is one of the critical variables that contribute to aggressive or violent behavior. According to Kandel, the terms ‘violence’ and ‘aggression’ are used interchangeably which limits the scope of the study (n.pag.). Aggression among children is calculated on a series of aggressive actions which is then totaled to provide a sum score. However, such methods of coming up with an aggression score lacks consistency and results would be more reliable if there was a standardized methodology. Another important variable that may affect the relationship between physical punishments and aggressive behavior is abuse. While abuse is divided into three categories of low, moderate, and high abuse, its correlation may provide useful information regarding the relationship. Nonetheless, research has provided an important finding pertaining to the relationship between physical punishments and the development of aggressive behavior among children. The development of aggressive behavior is affected by the severity and the frequency of physical punishments. Thus, not all physical punishments are similar and hence not all such punishments lead to aggressive behavior. Physical punishments vary in their intensity as some parents might carry out abusive violence while others may exercise mild physical punishments (Kandel, n.pag.). A study was conducted on a sample containing 3 year old children and the risk of physical punishments was analyzed. Using the spanking frequency at age 3, the aggressive behavior was measured at age 5. The research showed that children who were spanked 2 or 3 times within the same month showed symptoms of aggressive behavior developing at age 5 (Lee, Taylor, Altschul & Rice, 1476). A greater risk of negative outcomes was posed when parents used physical punishment more than twice a month. The early years of an individual’s life are central to their growth and development and that is why physical punishments at a young age expose children to several adverse outcomes. Antisocial behavior is among other adverse consequences of physical punishm ents. However, not all children develop antisocial behavior as a result of spanking although enough evidence is present of the positive relationship between the two variables. It is suggested that a third variable seems to be involved in the aggressive behavior of children. It is also important to consider that not all physical punishments may have the same intensity or frequency. Furthermore, genetic risk factors have been found to be impacting antisocial behavior (Boutwell, Franklin, Barnes & Beaver, 559). But since physical punishme

During the placement identify a specific issue relating to nursing Essay

During the placement identify a specific issue relating to nursing practice. (Progression development in mental health nursing) - Essay Example It requires a perfect understanding of the health problem, its effects and implications for other life and health functions in older people. Therefore, it is imperative for mental health nurses to develop professional awareness of the dementia problem and its risks in older people, in order to understand the ways of addressing this problem, as well as the personal and medical needs of older people. This paper aims at investigating the issue of dementia in older people from the standpoint of a mental health nurse. The paper will discuss and critically evaluate the significance of the problem for older people. Prevalence of dementia in older people and its effects on the critical life functions will be discussed. The paper will analyze the challenges, which mental health nurses face, while trying to deliver high quality nursing care. Other aspects of mental health care will be discussed, including nursing paradigms and therapeutic approaches, the role and the boundaries of a mental hea lth nurse in dementia care, and the role of effective planning and nurse-patient interactions in caring for older patients suffering from dementia. Legal and ethical factors of dementia care will be evaluated. This paper will expose the key problems related to mental health nursing and its role in dementia care. Practical recommendations for mental health nurses will be provided. ... ing those with dementia, constantly grows, and (b) dementia requires that nurses develop complex approaches to care, in order to reduce its negative influence on other life functions. The World Health Organization believes that the growing proportion of older people to the total population is a global phenomenon, and increasing age turns chronic health conditions into the issue of the main health importance (Anonymous 2009a). Among the most common health problems in older people, mental health disorders and cognitive impairments feature prominently (Anonymous 2009). Dementia and depression as the two most widely spread forms of chronic mental conditions later in life (Anonymous 2009a). Needless to say, the higher the proportion of older people to the general population, the more acute the problem of dementia grows. In its 2009 report, WHO estimated that almost 36 million of older people worldwide would be diagnosed of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in 2010 (Sorrell 2010). Th is number is likely to double every 20 years (Sorrell 2010). These statistical results have far-reaching implications for health care systems’ operation and functioning. These implications are equally relevant to mental health nurses. Nurses need skills and knowledge to anticipate the development of cognitive changes in the older people and guarantee high quality care, which reduces social stigmatization of patients with dementia and improves their life and wellbeing. The problem is dangerous and complicated in the sense that dementia produces multiple negative effects on life and health functioning in older people. According to The World Health Organization, quality of life is â€Å"an individual’s perceptions of their position in life in the context of the culture and value system in which

Narrative and Storytelling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Narrative and Storytelling - Essay Example they start from a certain point in time and reach a point in future, which, by the end of the movie becomes present. As long as the scenes are logically constructed, and one scene defines the purpose of another, the film is said to have a plot, whereas in movies where one scene has no connection with another in any way, or does not lay the basis for happenings in the upcoming scenes, the story lacks plot. In order for a film to have a story, there have to be characters! Without characters, there is no one for the story to revolve around. In such a case, the film merely delivers knowledge to the audience. Such films have subjects like, â€Å"what is a perfect diet?†, â€Å"how to be slim† etc. â€Å"Where the wild things are† is a short fiction film written by Maurice Sendak that portrays the fears of children and their way of conquering their fears. The film has both a story and a plot. The film starts in a little boy, Max’s real world, then portrays his i maginative world, and then reverts to the real world. The scenes flow chronologically. In the start, Max hides in a wolf’s attire and makes an unsuccessful attempt to frighten his family. His mother locks him up in a room as a punishment, from where, he escapes mentally into an imaginative world, where he travels through the jungle, and sails in a boat until he reaches a far away land where the wild things dwell.

Econ 212 G sangkeun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Econ 212 G sangkeun - Essay Example But Brooks is of the opinion that the haphazard growth of suburban outskirts is now becoming the kind of 'improvement' with people from different nationalities residing there. On the other hand, Katz finds that the suburban growth is a compulsion for the people of mainland as well as the immigrant population. Comparing the views of both the writers, I feel that the views expressed by Katz reflect the situation more realistically the Brooks. Katz calls upon the respective governments to become more responsive towards the growth of suburban areas. He terms the apparent practice of viewing it as the concentration of poorer people in the suburbs not a good policy on the part of the government. While sympathizing with the people settling in the outskirts, Katz finds out that the state laws are also responsible for compounding the problems. Katz states that if the suburbs will continue to be ignored by the governments, then the patterns of metropolitan growth would not only become fiscally, socially, and environmentally unsustainable, but it will also become damaging for our society as well. ii. As we are moving in the 21st century, we are indeed way ahead of the industrial revolution set off by our ancestors in the early 18th century. The world has indeed reaped rich benefits from this industrialization.

Markteing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Markteing - Essay Example For the purpose, it is essential that the company chosen has various after-sales practises like that of warranties and post-sale service among others. The reasons why Nike is one of the most preferred brands throughout the various customer segments all across the globe can be undermined below. In brief, it can be said that the group has really leveraged the various motivational theories to form itself a strong brand of preference. The group has successfully served all the categories that effects consumer buying decision process as follows: Personal – The various factors that include with in the purview of the personal factors are like that of age, gender, race and etc. Nike has successfully catered all these points. It has its products for both the genders and almost for all the age groups that are associated with various sporting events. Psychological – The psychological factor of the consumer behaviour has many sub-factors included in it like motives, perception, knowledge and ability, personality and attitudes. It can be referred without much doubt that Nike has really met and exceeded all the psychological factors. With extensive research and development in its various products, it has gained the required knowledge and ability and aligned itself with the motivation of the athletes of performing better. Today, Nike has been a name in lifestyle and so has the required positive perception from the customers throughout the world. Social – The consumers and the prospective customers are often influenced by various external factors which can be clubbed together under the social factors. It includes the opinion leaders, influences and role played by families, culture and sub-culture, social class and the reference groups. In the modern world of tremendous competition, the onus lies on the corporate to utilise these social factors in the best way it can in its favour. And Nike has really done it commendably. The fact that the company

Econ 212 G sangkeun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Econ 212 G sangkeun - Essay Example But Brooks is of the opinion that the haphazard growth of suburban outskirts is now becoming the kind of 'improvement' with people from different nationalities residing there. On the other hand, Katz finds that the suburban growth is a compulsion for the people of mainland as well as the immigrant population. Comparing the views of both the writers, I feel that the views expressed by Katz reflect the situation more realistically the Brooks. Katz calls upon the respective governments to become more responsive towards the growth of suburban areas. He terms the apparent practice of viewing it as the concentration of poorer people in the suburbs not a good policy on the part of the government. While sympathizing with the people settling in the outskirts, Katz finds out that the state laws are also responsible for compounding the problems. Katz states that if the suburbs will continue to be ignored by the governments, then the patterns of metropolitan growth would not only become fiscally, socially, and environmentally unsustainable, but it will also become damaging for our society as well. ii. As we are moving in the 21st century, we are indeed way ahead of the industrial revolution set off by our ancestors in the early 18th century. The world has indeed reaped rich benefits from this industrialization.

Gentrification and Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Gentrification and Class - Essay Example In these circumstances, two sides to the debate exist that include the non-gentrification residents and the gentrified residents. However, the upgrade tends to come with a price attached in which the resident that were pre-gentrified may not afford the new pay rates or property taxes. Driving out those cannot afford to pay the new rent rates and property taxes may be the most acceptable practice as the argument is that they could decrease revenues. In many cases, the transformation may include the conversion of old buildings to developed shops and areas of living, which translates to increased rents. However, John Arena negated this process in his book Driven from New Orleans in which African-Americans had to pave the way for the advancement of New Orleans after the devastating effects of Hurricane Katrina. After Katrina, the African Americans that were of local income levels did not receive financing to build and repair their homes, but instead demolitions took place (Arena 87). In his book, John Arena argues that the plan to demolish the old buildings in New Orleans began in the 1980s, long before the Hurricane hit the area meaning that the White Republicans conceived the gentrification plan before. Reasons why Arena says that the battle for public housing in New Orleans was a long struggle As the local community had named it, â€Å"the Negro removal† began in the 1960s in which the elite in New Orleans sought to upgrade the public houses at the cost of the low-income earners residing there (Arena 37). In essence, this neo-liberal economic activity is of the view that the low-income earners lived in impoverished states and it was their duty to help them. However, the residents of New Orleans viewed this to be a federal disaster as the hatching of this plan was national, but the implementation had to be at the federal level. Ideally, New Orleans became a city with the African American population being the highest in the late 1970s because of agricultura l mechanization through those that were on their way route to Crescent City. From that time, New Orleans became significant in the fight against racial inequalities and protecting the rights of the poor hence making the demotions on the public houses to be a vital setback to the advancements that this population had managed to achieve. The white and the black elites saw the move to demolish the old buildings in New Orleans as the only way to eradicating poverty, but the African American population did not share the same views. The impact of Hurricane Katrina on the New Orleans city leaders’ desires to progress private development According to Arena, the African American elite and the leadership failed the residents of the New Orleans as they were not vocal enough to reverse the decision to demolish the old buildings that belonged to the people. The arena’s argument is that the non-governmental organizations, the elected officials from the African-American community, an d other foundations had a hand in displacing the African American population of New Orleans. Many lost their homes because of the devastating Hurricane, but this did not deter the white Republicans from bringing down these structures in an attempt to establish modern day complexes. The arena’s view is that the demolition of the old buildings in New Orleans did not intend to benefit lower income earning African Americans from its onset, but it was rather immoral (Card & Raphael 112). The low income earners

The Man On The Moon Essay Example for Free

The Man On The Moon Essay The Road to Mecca is an eye opening play written by Athol Fugard that displays a deep and significant message about the importance women’s right to express themselves freely. Elsa, a character in the play, sums this idea up in a sentence she says in the play: â€Å"There’s nothing sacred in a marriage that abuses the woman†. The story is primarily based on a woman by the name of Helen Martin. Helen lived in a culture with certain social norms and conformities, where women specifically were afraid of pursuing their dreams due to an unwarranted fear of what others would think of their ideas and them, themselves as human beings. Helen conformed to the social norms and married, but when she died I believe that she was able to follow her dreams due to the fact that she did not have her husband’s religious judgments stopping her. After her husband’s death, her community expected her to begin a new life of quiet mourning, but instead she followed her dreams and began to build her own Mecca. This consisted of making many various statues in her backyard. Instead of the village residents in her community admiring and appreciating her art, instead they thought of her to be eccentric and rejected her. Helen was admirable as she continued her passion of art and creation even though her society was against her artistic ways. Instead of deciding to stop, even when stones were thrown at her house, she carried on building her Mecca. She dared to be different! Helen’s courage and free-will in this play portrays an important message of free expression that all women deserve and are entitled to have. Worrying about what other people think about you will never allow you to find out who you really are. Helen was torn between deciding whether or not to conform to the social norms expected of her or to carry on with her dreams and experience freedom. She chose the latter and fulfilled her own heart’s desires. Even though she lost many friends by doing so, there was Elsa, who accepted and supported her ways. Being yourself, and putting your dreams, thoughts and ideas in to reality is a true  representation of who you are and thus you will know who your true friends are. Helen’s courage in the play can be learnt by all women. Following societal norms and doing everything that is expected by you from society may be an easy way out. But by following this safe and easy way through life, there will be many potential characteristics and qualities wasted in your life. In Helen’s case she pushed through the societal norms and gained admirable qualities and characteristics such as love, courage, freedom and of course her artistic talent. Freedom is what we all desire, deserve and should have. Without it we will never have a true sense of happiness. Women have constantly either been forced or compelled to do what is expected of them. For example, in relationships, it is a husband’s expectation of a woman to cook, clean and even behave in a certain manner. In Helen’s case she was only able to follow her passion after her husband’s death. In these days women need to know that if they want to rather follow their dream, for exam ple to help people and become a nurse, they can! If their husband doesn’t allow it, the question must be raised, is he allowed to stop my dreams and passions from becoming a reality? Marriage is an extremely important decision to make, especially for women. It is very common for women to marry and for the husband to change and become abusive and controlling. This play can give women hope and a sense of courage to follow their hearts desire. If the husband does not allow for that, he does not truly love you because your dreams, hopes and passions all form part of who you really are. Therefore if they cannot be accepted and approved of, neither can the credibility of the relationship. Having trust with your heart’s desires and loving yourself are the most important things in order to be truly happy and free. To conclude, it is unfortunate that Helen was only able to follow her dream and portray her talent after the passing of her husband. All women can learn an imperative lesson from this play: A lesson of great courage and determination. It is never too late to follow your dream and realise that  you have a right and freedom to be who you want to be. Yes, some people may reject you, but you will gain friends who really matter and more importantly, you will gain a new sense of love for yourself. Nobody else has the right to stop you from expressing yourself freely and if they do try to, you must realise that they are not worth being a part of your life. Putting your dreams first may be a tough thing to do at times, as in Helen’s case, but if you don’t you will never experience the true joy and satisfaction that you could benefit from life. Finding and loving yourself should always be the biggest priority in women’s lives. By doing this first, the true friends and true love will follow.

Mission And Key Objectives Of Fonterra Marketing Essay

Mission And Key Objectives Of Fonterra Marketing Essay Is a provider of nearly all essential nutrients for people. It is the richest dietary source of calcium and also contributes many other essential nutrients including protein, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin B12 and zinc. At Fonterra, dairy is our passion its who we are and what we do best. With over 100 years of New Zealand expertise in developing nutritious dairy products, Fonterra Brands is dedicated to discovering new ways to deliver the unique health and wellness benefits of dairy (Source: www.dairyintakes.com). Tip Top ice cream has a big demand in the market, it is currently drenched with a variety of products and TIP TOP is in the market with practically no local brand awareness. To detain market share, TIP TOP must create plus cultivate a physically powerful product image. This statement fact the best routes to attain this. At the outset, to appeal to Auckland market, the company should display a more modern label and tub than what presently exists. An study of the present competition for TIP TOP is presented that focuses on three of the most accepted ice creams sold in Auckland today. Using SWOT analysis, the particular strengths and weaknesses of TIP TOP into the light of this contest are examined. Key pressure and key opportunities are recognized, for instance, there is tough dispute for TIP TOP but its unique taste and quality well for success definitely a significant market opportunity for attractively priced ice cream (Source: www.tiptop.co.nz) particular recommendations for action pursue that highlight the need for a strong product icon, well-defined positioning approach and slogans, affordability pricing, and select supply locations. captivating into account that TIP TOP is a high quality product targeted at the fashionable market segment consisting of equally kids and teenagers and adults school students and a wide range of advertising strategies is then obtainable. INTRODUCTION Fonterra is the worlds primary exporter of dairy products and liable for more than a third of worldwide dairy trade. Fonterras dairy farmers have extensive been identified for producing excellence ice cream and other dairy products in todays market. New Zealand is a global chief in large-scale milk procurement and dealing out. Fonterras global supply chain stretches from farms all over New Zealand to customers and consumers in more than 140 countries. Fonterras vision is to be the natural source of dairy nutrition for all young and old, everywhere, every day. Fonterra is a global chief in dairy nutrition the chosen merchant of dairy ingredients to many of the worlds foremost food companies. Fonterra is also a market chief with our own consumer dairy brands in Australia/New Zealand, Asia/Africa, (Source: www.fonterra.co.nz). The farmer-owned New Zealand supportive is the largest processor of milk in the planet, producing more than two million tonnes of dairy ingredients, worth added dairy ingredients, specialty ingredients and consumer goods every year. Representation on generations of dairy qualifications, Fonterra is one of the largest investors in dairy based investigate and advance in the world. Fonterras 16,000 employees work across the dairy scale from advising farmers on sustainable farming and milk production, to ensure we live up to demanding quality principles and delivering every day on our purchaser promise in more than 100 markets approximately the world. As part of our commitment to providing TIP TOP Fonterra offers dairy products that meet the different health and wellness needs of our consumers all around the world. This is based on a belief in quality products, sound science and doing whats right by their consumers. various of the marketing strategies are geared toward the prestigious market of dairy shops and local supermarkets. Internet marketing is essential today and a suggestion for implementing this such as website design plus examines methods of how to improve the quantity and quality of interchange to the website. Lastly, suitable methods to evaluate the achievement of the marketing operation are particular plus a campaign budget and a timetable that recommends dates for the choice of stages of the promotional efforts. TIP TOP determination acquires a controlling product image and a very vigorous market share in the close future (Source: www.fonterra.co.nz). MISSION AND KEY OBJECTIVES OF FONTERRA What Mother Nature creates, Fonterra enhances to carry the best of the dairys goodness to generations of consumers and patrons around the planet. Its our lifes work. The mission statement for Fonterra is: We are dedicated to upholding Fonterras standards, while maintaining the leadership position in the dairy industry when delivering advanced customer service in a significantly efficient and profitable manner, We create a culture where employees share best practices dedicated to coaching and developing our organization as an employer of choice. (Sourece: www.fonterramissionstatement.co.nz). Everything we do is inspired by our enduring mission: To Refresh the Worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..in body, mind, and spirit. To Inspire Moments of Optimismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..through our brands and our actions. To Create Value and Make a Differenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..everywhere we connect. The key objectives for Fonterra Company are: To stay at the head as the market leader in innovative product introductions and successful product launches. To strengthen and satisfy the needs of the more adventurous generation of consumers with a new eye-catching and functional product. To become the market leader in the dairy products segment with increased markets shares. Operational objective is to remain one of the lowest costs, sustainable dairy cooperatives in the planet. Construct trust partnerships with customers by being a multi-origin merchant, allowing us to construct more precious relationships during supply chain addition and improvement. Make Fonterra foodstuffs the primary option of patrons and consumers everywhere we do business. Fonterra aims for global dairy industry leadership. The company strives to be the lowest cost supplier of commodity dairy products, the leading price and inventory manger in the large-scale commodity market, An effective developer of dairy ingredients partnerships in preferred markets, A leading speciality milk components trendsetter and solutions provider, A leading consumer nutritional milks marketer, And to be a leading dairy marketer to foodservice in key markets. (Source: www. fonterra.co.nz). MARKETING OBJECTIVES TIP TOP have long been known for producing quality ice cream and other dairy foodstuffs and today New Zealand is a world chief in large-scale of ice cream procurement and processing. Our universal supply chain stretches from farms all over New Zealand to patrons and clients in more than 140 countries. Fonterras is made up of NZ$14.1 billion assets with annual turnover of NZ$16 billion, total ice cream production in New Zealand of 14.76 billion litres, sales volume of 2.31 million metric tonnes and 15600 employees (Source: www. fonterrafinancialstatement.co.nz). Ever since Fonterra Co-operative Group was created in 2001, we have developed into the worlds largest dairy exporter with nearly 11,000 shareholders. The company 95 per cent of our New Zealand made dairy products to our consumers and patrons in more than 140 countries. The milk tankers accumulate approximately 14 billion litres of milk every year. Fonterras marketing objectives is to: Increase the market share by 15% from $4.52 to Fonterra wants to pour another $260 million (RMB 1,250,000,000) into trebling milk manufacture at its Darfield location with a innovative dryer vying to the largest in New Zealand. Fonterra has the second dryer built by 2015 as the current $200m (RMB 1,000,000,000) site, still being constructed, it is expected to be at complete ability in subsequently. The 650-hectare (9,750mu) location 3.5 kilometres from the Canterbury city of Darfield is being extended to produce extra complete milk powder because Canterbury leads dairy increase countrywide. To increase milk production by 6per cent to 7 per cent a year in the state compared among 3per cent to 4 per cent countrywide by the end of financial year 2012. Increase unit sales by 10% from $8.75 per kg MS to $7.00per kg MS by the mid of the financial year 2013. Thus increase the total sales volume by 15% from 2.49 million metric tonnes to 2.69 million metric tonnes. Increase milk production in New Zealand by 15% from 15.75 billion litres to 15.85 billion litres by the mid of the financial year 2013. To increase net profit after tax range from 2012 financial year is currently forecast to be in the range of $400-$440 million, equating to 70-80 cents per share. The updated forecast Payout range for this year combines an unchanged forecast Milk Price of $8.00 per kg MS and a forecast Distributable Profit range of $280-$330 million, equating to 50-60 cents per share 20 cents higher than the previous forecast in February 2012. The target range for the dividend (to be paid out of Distributable Profit) is unchanged at 25-30 cents per share. (Source: www.fonterrafinancialstatement.co.nz MARKETING STRATEGIES Marketing strategies is made up of 7ps and they are product, price, place, promotion, people, process and physical evidence. PRICE The price of an item is clearly and important determinant of the value of sales made. A companies pricing policy will vary according to the market shares and fluctuation of the circumstances. Given that Pricing is one of the most important element of the marketing mix, as it is the simply the only mix, which generates a turnover for the organization. value must maintain elements of the mix. Pricing is complicated and must reflect supply and demand correlation. The price is $4.99 per 2litre tub of TIP TOP booysens berry ripple gives a competitive edge and will facilitate penetration for its targeted market segment. Penetration pricing is the price charged for the product will be officially set low in order to gain market share and once this is achieved, the price will be increased. Therefore, this case showed that setting a price high encourages the market to perceive the products as having a higher quality than lower period products of the similar type. Consumers are willing to pay more for a product that they perceive as superior. Using a similar pricing strategy, Fonterra is having the edge over TIP TOP because its price is slightly lower. PRODUCT TIP TOP boysons berry ripple ice cream provides kids and teenagers with all the goodness of milk in a convenient tub of ice cream. .TIP TOP has no artificial colours or flavours and has only 10% of fat. The best news is that ICE CREAM can offer you the same nutrients as regular milk and it will be less in sugar with the same taste of any other ice cream in the market ice cream is good for a lot of things, like on a hot day you have an ice cream it will cool you down, when kids have a sore throat they can eat TIP TOP ice cream. TIP TOP has 465kj of energy per 2 litre tub.0.9g of protein,10.1g sugar,40mg sodium and 14.2g carbohudrate,3.1g saturated and only 5.5g of fat.TIP TOP is made of cream milk, Sugar, water glucose,syrup,milk,solids non fat emulsifiers, vegetable gums coco powder, corn syrup and rising agents. PLACE The making of TIP TOP takes place at the factory in 113 CARBINE ROAD MT WELLINGTON AUCKLAND NEW ZEALAND. At the factory all different flavours of ice cream is made and stored in tubs and cones all different types. Once the production is complete then the ice creams are packed and transported to wholesalers and large retail stores around NEW ZEALAND by trucks they are also been transported to dairys and small retail stores. TIP TOP will ultimately be distributed throughout Auckland.TIP TOP is brand geared towards a advanced end market and to consumers who are increasingly becoming wellbeing conscious. They will facilitate the branding of TIP TOP as premium ice cream. This will persuade word of mouth publicity emphasizing the lasting memory of having the best ice cream NEW ZEALAND. PROMOTION Promotion is the activity, which the firm undertakes to communicate and promote products to the target market. The main objective of promotion is to: Build Awareness New goods are regularly unknown to a marketplace, which means preliminary promotional efforts must focus on establishing an identity. In this circumstances the marketer should focus on promotion to: 1) effectively reach patrons, and 2) tell the market who they are and what they include to offer. generate interest by affecting a customer from awareness of a merchandise to making a buy can present a considerable test. Provide Information promotion is intended to assist customers in the search phase of the purchasing process. The product that competes in an presented market, informational endorsement may be used to help with a invention positioning strategy. Encourages Demand The right promotion can drive patrons to make a purchase. In the case of goods that a shopper has not before purchased or has not purchased in a long time, the promotional efforts may be bound for at getting the consumer to try the product. Highlight the product Once a purchase is complete, a vendor can use promotion to assist build a physically powerful relationship that can direct to the client suitable an devoted purchaser The promotional strategies for TIP TOP consists of advertising; promotional ads and free sampling. ADVERTISING Kids do not read newspapers much or neither listen to the radio now days. As a result our main converge for mass media advertising will be billboards television and bus stands. The advertising on television will be shown during cartoon time when kids are watching TV and also at nite when its family time. The logo for TIP TOP brings families together for a hot summer to have fun and spend time. It is a desert used in most of the functions. Through outdoor advertising by having billboards all around South Auckland will be large and similar types of advertisements will be placed on the internet and other conventional sites to increase visitors to the company site as well as making money online as well. SALES PROMOTION Customer connection Management (CRM) incentives such as additional benefit points every $10.00 spent in store the customer would receive 1 point For example having 10points the consumer would receive a free 2litre tub of any tip top ice cream. There will also be a draw for a play station 3. Free samples (aka. Sampling) e.g. tasting of foodstuff and drink at sampling points in stores and on the beach on a hot day will promote people to buy more. Competitions and reward draws, in the media, magazines, on the television and broadcasting, on The Internet, and on packs. Vouchers and coupons, regularly seen in the media and magazines or on packs will enable consumers to go in competition to win huge prizes such as win travel trips. PUBLIC RELATIONS Sponsoring or hosting social events can be an additional useful way to create awareness and construct a positive image for our product. When doing an episode, there are many key advertising tactics to keep in mind. Just like every person desires some kind of dairy product to get calcium to create publicity and good relationship with the customers. TIP TOP will be contributing 1% of the net sales for every trumpet sold and 2% contributed to every 2litre tub sold towards charitable foundation in Auckland which goes towards supporting sports clubs and the disadvantaged people. Moreover, the company will be sponsoring sporting events, charitable functions and in local communities as well to increase alertness and sales. COMMUNICATION AND CO-ORDINATION The value and reputation gained by an association come from the usefulness of its inner division. The competence of a department differs on the height of facts and skills passed out by the citizens working inside it. There are numerous significant departments that an association keeps in their system. For Fonterra the departments are enumerated when the human resource section, research and development division, and the secretarial section. Nevertheless, all of the departments are not specified such significance because of the density and complexity in accepting their functions. Therefore, statement plays an important role in business as it helps in understanding the different concepts of the marketing and business world. It helps in building a plan to customise a blueprint of a specific situation (Source: www. marketingcommunications.com). The product and the prevailing market conditions will determine the optimal Marketing Communication Mix as well as identify the target spectators, the right message and media to reach them with. Human Resource Management (HRM) is the gathering within an association that focuses on recruitment of, management of, and providing direction for the people who work in the association (source: wwww.about.com). Human Resource Management is the organizational function that deals with issues associated to people such as compensation, hiring, performance management, organization development, safety, wellness, benefits, employee motivation, communication, administration, and training. To have a new website for Fonterra a web designer or an IT specialist will be hired therefore,, Human Resource Department will be responsible in the recruitment process for the hiring of a web designer. Thus having a new website will enable more customers to easily access Fonterras specials and brands. Research and development is at the moment of immense importance in industry as the height of competition, manufacture processes and methods are speedily mounting. It is of particular significance in the field of advertising where companies continue to keep a watchful eye on competitors and patrons in arrange to keep rate with present trends and analyse the needs, demands and desires of their consumers. To get regular feedbacks and new thoughts about further improvements in consumer tastes and information on competitors, research and development will be consulted. A study and development section will require working very strongly with the marketing division to recognize the needs of the clientele and to test outputs of the RD sector. The purchasing department has a major function directly influencing the foremost cost of working or trade professional procedure of any business depends in the lead correct revenue of investment. The purchasing division must make certain receipt of correct resources when needed is adequate quantities to sustain production at the equivalent time, it must not increase asset beyond that mandatory to meet current needs and uphold a rational factor of securely against stock and position. Therefore, purchasing department will be consulted in order to purchase new equipment and machinery for the company. Operations will need to use sales forecasts formed by the promotion division to sketch their invention schedules. The sales division of an association is most likely one of the most vital departments in an industry. The explanation why the sales division has so much significance is since the achievement or failure of a firm depends to a great extent on its sales strength. If the sales strength of a business fails to meet its targets, this means that the entire business will run a loss for that sales sector. It is thus tremendously essential that whoever manages the sales division of a industry is a experienced, knowledgeable and proficient manager. The sales will be quarterly evaluated to see if the new marketing strategies are effective or not. Therefore, sales department will be responsible for meeting the targets and having all the reports prepared for evaluation. Sales forecasts will also be a significant fraction of the budgets created by the investment department, as well as the operation of labour for the human resources division. The marketing segment will act as a guide and lead the companys other department in developing, producing, fulfilling, and servicing products or services for their consumers. Communication is essential. The marketing subdivision typically has a better understanding of the market and consumer needs. Marketing ought to be involved, and there should by a meeting of the minds, whenever planning are held regarding new product development or any customer-related gathering of the company. For example, service technicians and customer service reps will have enormous insights into customer opinions and needs. Get every person involved and there will be a more cohesive effort. For celebrity endorsement, billboards, TV and radio ads the marketing department will be held responsible for evaluating who will be the best to represent TIP TOP brand product for Fonterra. Marketing is perhaps the most significant movement in a industry because it has a straight outcome on productivity and sales. Bigge r businesses will supply specific employees and departments for the intention of marketing. The advertising section of a industry wants to work closely with operations, investigate and development, finance and human resources to prove their plans are possible. The purpose of accounting for a business is to have record of the receipts and expenditures of its daily actions. Accounting makes it available for the businesses to assess and analyse the businesss performance. This will help Fonterra to decide what improvements they need to make, or what practices to keep doing in order to keep the company at its thriving place (Source: http://EzineArticles.com/3138769). Accounts department will be responsible for preparing budgets, payrolls and balance sheets for Fonterra. A well-prepared budget will permit the marketing department evaluate on what segment of money is allocated to their section and act within the budget. Valuable communication plays an important role in business to notify and influence behaviour. Communication channels refer to the average you use to send a message, such as the telephone or email. Effective communication requires selecting an appropriate communication channel to send your message. An effective means of communication is important in order to efficiently react to the various demands of the market. The communication channels used by Fonterra are instant messaging, email, video conferencing, and telephone and power point presentations. Instant messaging is a enormous way to communicate with both colleagues and customers. Messaging software such as Skype, MSN, Yahoo Messenger whats app etc, also provide a swift way for different subdivisions within the business to correspond in Fonterra. Instant messaging is one of the most cost effective and effortless ways to communicate, as most of the frequently used applications are free and easy to install on any present computer. In addition to text message function, many software applications have call, or even video call, functionality as well. Email allows Fonterra to communicate with multiple parties, consecutively, from and to almost anywhere in the world. Most of the employees are comfortable with the utilize of email, and will check for new messages frequently. Newsletters, sent via email, will keep Fonterras workforce up to date with the latest news broadcast, offers, or any other changes within the business. E-mail has become the primary means for delivering short text messages within organizations that are networked. As e-mail between organizations becomes more frequent, the medium will increasingly take the part of fax, particularly as whole documents can be sent as e-mail attachments. E-mail provides many cost advantages when compared with the use of paper or the telephone. Presentations are very popular technique of communication in all types of organizations, frequently involving audiovisual material, like copies of reports, or material prepared in Microsoft PowerPoint or Adobe Flash and this is has become a very effective communication channel for Fonterra. Forum boards, which allow people to instantaneously post information at a centralized locality and face-to-face meetings, which are personal and have been successful by a written follow-up has been very popular communication channel for Fonterra. (Source: Importance of Communication Channels in Business/eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_6511827_importance-communication-channels-business) MARKETING MIX TACTICS PRICE The price of an item is clearly and essential determinant of the value of sales made. An organizations pricing policy will differ according to the market fluctuation and circumstances. Since Pricing is one of the most significant essentials of the advertising blend, as it is the only mix, which generates a proceeds for the association. Price must sustain these essentials of the mix. Pricing is hard and must reflect deliver and demand connection. Pricing merchandise too high or too low down could imply a loss of sales for the organization. The price of a 2litre tub of BOYSENNS BERRY RIPPLE is selling at $4.99 gives a competition edge and will facilitate penetration for its targeted market sector. Fonterra Group Limited has its own dairy farm and milk storing tanks thus fresh milk is used to make the product and due to this the cost of raw materials is a lot lesser.TIP TOP wants to be seen as high-status and of the premier quality but still attain a respectable size of the marketplace thus, A pricing tactic of being contained by the premier variety yet appealingly priced is an excellent form of access pricing. Penetration pricing is that the price charged for the product will be officially set low in order to gain market share and once this is achieved, the price will be improved. Therefore, this casing showed that a price elevated encourages the marketplace to recognize the products as having a superior excellence than lower priced foodstuffs of the same sort. Patrons are willing to pay extra for a product that they identify as superior. Using a similar pricing. Undercutting its major competition with access pricing should allow the company to gain market share. Furthermore, Fonterras striking price joint with high value of places it in a distinctive area on the consumers perceptual chart. PRODUCT TIP TOP ice cream provides kids with all the goodness in a tub. The best news is that can offer you the same nutrients as regular dairy products and it is refreshing on a hot summers day. The ingredients include: fat free milk, sugar (25% less in sugar), colour (120,160b), flavour, stabilizer and vitamin D. The purpose of TIP TOP is to help kids grown stronger. All milk naturally contains calcium. TIP TOP contains 50% more calcium than regular flavoured milk (*with 118 mg per 100ml). TIP TOP has 177 mg of calcium per 100ml and this calcium comes from calcium found naturally in milk as well as some extra added calcium. Calcium helps build strong bones and teeth. TIP TOP has Vitamin D added to it as it helps in the absorption of calcium. It comes in a 250ml packet that is enough for growing kids thus there wont be any wastage. TIP TOP also contains protein which is a natural component of milk. Protein is essential for growth and development. Protein also helps form of muscles. PLACE The making of TIP TOP will start right from the factory and then the ice cream will be Delivered to storing and pasteurisation and then the processed ice cream will be delivered through delivery trucks to the manufacturer and then to the wholesaler. From the wholesaler it will be delivered to retailers, supermarkets and small dairy shops around Auckland has begun to obtain product loyalty and a considerable marketplace share in Auckland, distribution channels will be opened up throughout North Island of New Zealand and later the drink will be introduced in whole of New Zealand. Therefore, the supply plan and marketing movement will aim impressive seats such as all intermediate and high schools, dairy shops, supermarkets and any social or cultural and sporting events held in and around Auckland. We diagram on choosing these locations for numerous reasons: This will promote word of mouth exposure emphasizing the long-term memory of having the finest ice cream in NEW ZEALAND at the choicest locations. High profile placement in upscale establishments which will enhance brand awareness and encourage patrons to make purchases for their beneficial future. The purpose of this circulation strategy is to: Cultivate client awareness of TIP TOP amongst definite market sector higher-end clients. generate brand loyalty to TIP TOP Acquire and expand market share of TIP TOP Encourage whole of South Auckland customers to gain experience with TIP TOP and instigate to spread the statement about what spectacular ICE CREAM TIP TOP has to offer. PROMOTION Promotion is one of the elements of marketing mix. It is the communication link between sellers and buyers for the purpose of influencing, informing, or persuading a potential buyers purchasing decision (Wikipedia, 2011). Promotion is the activity which the firm undertakes to communicate and promote products to the target market. The main objective of promotion is to: Build Awareness New foodstuffs are regularly unknown to a market, which resources primary promotional hard work must focus on establishing a character. In these circumstances the dealer must focus promotion to: 1) efficiently reach customers, and 2) tell the market who they are and what they have to offer. Create concern by moving a patron from awareness of a produce to making a buy can present a major examination. Provide Information endorsement is designed to support customers in the exploration stage of the purchasing procedure. The product that competes in an obtainable market, informational endorsement may be used to help with a merchandise positioning approach. Encourages Demand The accurate promotion can drive clients to make a buy. In the case of foodstuffs that a purchaser has not before purchased or has not purchased in a long time, the promotional hard work may be bound for at getting the consumer to try the manufactured goods. emphasize the Brand Once a buy is made, a vendor can use endorsement to help build a well-built relationship that can lead to the purchaser becoming a dedicated patron. The promotional strategies for TIP TOP consists of advertising, sales promotion and public relations. ADVERTISING All advertising is designed to increase the demand for a firms product whether facts are used or merely smoke and mirrors Advertising is any form of paid non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services through mass media such as newspapers, magazines, television, internet and radio by an identified sponsor (Principles of Marketing:. Kids are not too much into newspapers and radio therefore our main focus for mass media advertising will be television and internet. For television advertising celebrity endorsement will be an effective way to promote.TIP TOP when consumers see one of their favourite celebrities endorsing a product they are more likely to go out and buy the product and try it for themselves. For example celebrities s

Kent State Essay -- National Guard History Kent State Essays

Kent State In 1970 the nation was in its highest state of controversy. The generation gap that had begun to form in the sixties was now more of a ravine. The youth of America was finally standing up and raising their voices in protest against all the problems that plagued the country they would have control of in years to come. There were many events that helped in feeding the flame in the hearts of Americans. One such event was the Kent State University incident. It is an event that touched the nation and made such a profound mark, and yet it only lasted for thirteen seconds. In the thirteen seconds the Ohio National Guard, along with the rest of government by association, established themselves as the new enemy. All eyes were on them, scrutinizing their every move, pointing out every mistake they made. Interestingly enough, most don’t even really know exactly what went on in those thirteen seconds, but they knew that it left four students dead and nine injured at the hand of the Nation al Guard, so that was enough to strike the hearts on millions. Still today, twenty-nine years later, we still don’t really know what went on. Who fired the first shot, and were they provoked? Was it necessary for the National Guard to be present on this typically calm college campus in the first place? And why did it have to end in such tragedy? There are so many questions, and so many misconceptions about this incident, and like any controversial issue, there are always two sides to the story. Before choosing sides one must always look at the facts. The most important fact to know about the situation at Kent State University is that in the days before the shootings, the campus was anything but calm. It all began on Thursday, April 30,... ...nd nobody has been to this. In all of the books, magazine articles, and web pages dedicated to this subject, it is impossible to find an unbiased one. I have to admit that I did go into my research in favor of the students, but the more I read of the situation on campus in the days prior to the shooting, the more I found myself asking â€Å"How I would I have handled a situation like that if I had been a member of the Guard?† I can only conclude that there is no right answer to that. There are so many questions, and so many misconceptions about this incident, and like any controversial issue, there are always two sides to the story. Now that I have thoroughly studied both sides to the story, I still have no idea who I think was in the wrong. There are simply too many unanswerable wholes in the stories from both sides that now I can’t say I’m for or against either one.

Effect Of Personality On Effective Communication Essay

Psychologists have come up with different definitions as far as personality is concerned. However, most of them tend to agree to the fact that, personality is the individual’s unique pattern of thoughts, patterns of thought, feelings and behavior that tend to persist over time and situation, (Morris & Meistos 1998p 442). Accordingly, Morris and Meistos have found out that personality as described in the above definition has two parts, that is, it is a unique pattern of an individual- those tenets that isolate or tell an individual from another. Secondly, that personality has a spell, that is, they persist through time and across situations. The last example simply means that personality is stable and enduring. According to James Kalat, in his introduction to psychology, the word personality has been derived from the Latin word persona which means ‘masking’, (Kalat, 1990 p 467). It traces its roots from the theatres of ancient Greek and Rome where actors wore masks to indicate their emotions- whether they were happy, sad or even angry. The use of the word personality, however, has a totally different meaning from the word mask. According to James Kalat (1990), a mask can be put and be removed again after the play, but personality as we saw in the definition above, indicates something stable and enduring. Personality also consists all consistent ways in which the behavior of one person differs markedly from that of another person. Of the several psychologists who have wrote about personality, Sigmund Freud (1856- 1939) and Karl Jung are the most notables ones. Sigmund Freud actually held the opinion that our behavior is based on unconscious instincts. Some of these behaviors are aggressive and destructive; while others such as hunger, thirst, self-preservation, and sex are necessary for the survival of the species. Sexual instincts according to Freud just don’t mean erotic sexuality behavior but also desire to almost any kind of pleasure. Consequently, Freud regarded the sexual instincts as the most central in the development of personality. James Kalat (1990) has found that this aspect from the Freudian theory is very vital for the establishment of a full individual. Therefore according to him the way we communicate, address others and general relationship are determined from innate by our personality. Morris and Meisto, in their psychology an introduction have found that Carl Jung, who was a student of Freud, had a different direction as far as personality is concerned, (Morris & Meistos 1998, p 442). According to them, although the two believed in the role of unconscious in determining human behavior, Jung fell out with Freud’s view that the Id is the desire for sexual excitement which is led by the ego, Jung emphasized that the unconscious is the source of strength vitality manifested by the ego, (Morris, Maisto 1998, p 447). Further, Jung emphasized that the unconscious part of personality can break down into the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. Therefore, according to James and Maistos (1998), personality can be said to control the whole individual. Patterns of life which include behavior, emotions, and communicational aspects such as speaking, listening, hearing and noise are all manifestations of personality. Communication, as has been found by James (1990), relates directly with personality of an in the sense that it is a process in which one has to hear and understand the views and ideas of another. In most cases emotions are aroused in the course of communication process. Emotions here can mean that the whole process can make one happy or sad, delighted or anxious, A good example of a communication process in which emotions take a centre stage is this extract taken from a play by this Nigerian play writer, Wole Soyinka in his 1965 play, the Road. Salubi: Six o’clock I bet. I don’t know how it is, but no matter when I go to sleep I wake up it strikes six. Now that is a miracle. Samson: There is miracle somewhere but not what you say. Maybe the sight of you using the chewing stick Salubi: Look Samson, it’s early in the morning. Go back to sleep if you are going to start again. (He starts to put his chauffeur’s uniform). Samson: Who lend you uniform? Salubi: I buy it with my own money. (Samson goes over, feels the cloth). Samson: second hand! Salubi: so what? Samson: at least you might have washed it. Look at that blood stain- has someone smashed your teeth? Salubi: rubbish, no washing powder. Samson: all right, all right. But you are a funny person. Funny like those street idiots. How can anyone buy uniform when he hasn’t got a job? Salubi: impression. I take uniform to impress all future employers. Samson: With that smear on the front? Salubi: (angrily going over to Samson) Go mind your own business you jobless tout. ( Qtd Soyinga . W, 1956 PP 2-3) In such a conversation with the likes of Samson no meaningful understanding can take place. There is evidence of personality with Samson seemingly proud lounging his attack on the seemingly low status of the colleague. Eventually, a misunderstanding is evident, and finally they a break out. For an individual who always has a good self impression, and is normally confident and assured, may be quite insecure in particular one to one. This means that effective passage of the message might not eventually take place. Persons introduced to celebrities have been known to stutter, flutter or be struck dumb. An individual engaged in a two person colloquy must actually reckon with several images. First, he sees himself as he feels he is. He also feels himself as he wishes the other would see him. And finally he sees himself as he suspects the other person really does see him, (Abernathy, 1959 p 7). To illustrate the foregoing, suppose you as a student go to see one of your favorite teachers. You see yourself as somewhat better-the-average students, though you are sure how well you are mastering this particular subject. Meanwhile you dream of being a superstar student that your instructor will automatically think of you when matter of special awards is mentioned. Also, however from the tone of one or two comments he has made fear that the teacher sees as quite deficient. This suspicion bothers you a great deal as you prepare to talk to him. When there is a wide gap between these images tension develops, and most likely a healthy and meaningful conversation will be affected. The hearing and listening aspects of communication are interfered with just because of anxiety and tension grip, (Abernathy, 1959 p 8). A young man or woman prepared to meet an individual, whether or not in position of authority, have always had tension because of the way they perceive this individual and also their personality. Adults should in essence be made to understand that their personality affects the way they are perceived by the young generation. You can imagine you being addressed by an individual with a distorted personality like in the case of Samson above. Personality in essence affects all aspects of communication, but most important listening and hearing. Furthermore, if our adults understood the personality of the young generation they are required to be addressing, for example, they should know the relevant information to relay to the teenagers. Ever heard of the generational gap! Difference arising in the way the younger generation comes to understand the older generation is actually vested in the personality as expressed by the two generations.It is helpful that in future adults should understand us! ( Abernathy, 1959 p 10) Reference: Abernathy, E. (1959). Fundamentals of Speech Communication. Mc. C. Brown Company Publishers. Hayes, D. (1998). Effective Verbal Communication. Berkshire: Horder & Stoughton. Soyinka, W. (1965). The Road. Nairobi: Oxford University Press. Kalat, J. W. (1990). An introduction to Psychology. Belmont: Wadworth Publishing Company. Morris, G. M. & Maisto, A. A. (1998). Psychology: An Introduction. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall.

Representation of Women in the Action Film Genre – Marion Ravenwood + Lara Croft

In this essay, I will be looking at the representation of women in the action film genre and study the social messages that are constructed and conveyed by the media. The two media texts I will be comparing from are The Raiders of the Lost Ark and Tomb Raider. The female lead in Raiders of the Lost Ark is Marion Ravenwood who is played by Karen Allen and the male lead; Harrison Ford plays Indiana Jones. In Tomb Raider Angelina Jolie plays the female lead, Lara Croft. Marion Ravenwood is seen as a typical action heroine.In Raiders of the Lost Ark, Marion unveils different characteristics about herself; for example Marion tends to be quite feisty. She displays this in the beginning, when we see Indy walking into her bar. Acknowledging that they had a past and that Indy left her, instead of being quiet, she goes and slaps him. Another scene is when she’s trying to escape after she’s been kidnapped and this opens another idea that she does not give up. This suggests that wo men, however stereotypically gentle and calm, can be zestful.However courageous, Marion also has her female traits. For example, when she’s in the Well of Souls and there are dangerous creatures lurking at each angle, she screams and complains. This different portrayal of Marion suggests that she as well as being tough, she can also be a female who’s frightened and needs a man (Indiana Jones) in this case to protect her. She is smart and uses whatever she can find, for example the frying pan, to protect herself and her man with.But at the same time, she’s also always getting into trouble because of her zesty self, for example when she refuses to give the gold medallion to the Nazis and nearly getting killed. Lara Croft is seen more as an unconventional action heroine. In Tomb Raider, Lara plays a British Aristocrat and is seen as a woman who likes to live on the edge and can seem as a quite stonehearted woman as she is very focused in what she does. The fact tha t she does martial arts propose of Lara Croft to be of a manly character by carrying and applying traits that are mostly used by successful.When Lara’s butler tries to get her to put on a dress, she drops her towel to reveal herself, which portrays her a sexual character. I believe that the media wants to convey that women can be seen equal to men and although usually underestimated, they can do a lot more than men can. On the other hand, Lara also is very emotional and we see that this is a great weakness of her, which is used against her. Lara is emotionally unstable by her father’s death and tries to take a big risk in order to fulfill her desire of meeting him once more. We see this when Mr.Powell emotionally blackmails her and offers her By this, we can see that Lara has a very emotional aspect in her, which is mostly seen as a womanly trait is the strongest and only thing which is stopping her to become a man. Lara can be seen as a positive character in the fact that she’s self reliant and successful in it, which Marion doesn’t prove to be. Looking at Marion Ravenwood and Lara Croft, we can see that there have been some major changes in the Representation of Women in the Action Film Genre. In both films, the female character is portrayed in a different way.For example, Raiders of The Lost Ark which is a film that was set in the 1936's showed Marion as a side heroine who was dependent on the Male Lead. On the other hand, Tomb Raider which is much more modern movie depicted Lara to be the main star and was independent and even though had a past, didn't necessarily need a man. As a common stereotype created for them, females were shown as smart but by using their brains – Marion, for example when trying to get Belloq drunk so that she could escape while he'd gone unconscious.In modern times, however women are also shown to be using their physicality and brainpower – Lara Croft could be used as an example as she was known to figure out the correct area to place the triangle and defeated the creatures that came her way. Female leads were much more believable back then as they mostly stuck to the stereotype built for them, however Female leads now are not as believable as they showcase more male stereotypical characteristics, one of them being physical strength.This As times have changed so have women's roles in society, and accordingly their representation in the media. The representation of women has improved as they have moved forward into a more equal society. Hollywood is a reflection of real life, and the point that the representation has improved because of society views, making it easier for the audience to relate in general, has proved this. Also, if an Action film has a male lead, chances are that the majority would be male audience as women are mostly not interested.But if an Action film has a female lead, there's more possibility of both gender audiences, as it would contain a bit of emotional drama that women would enjoy and the female lead would have to be attractive, appealing to the male gaze. This shows that Hollywood imitates what has been going on in the natural world. In conclusion, I believe that women in action films are positive role models if we’re looking only at Marion and Lara. Marion and Lara are both very different placed because of the timings