The Tourism Product Companys Role

The enchantmentistry Product Companys RoleDiscuss the importance of delivering timber function in the hospitality fabrication and identify differences if any between service of process of process deli precise in the hospitality and service delivery in a nonher(prenominal) commerce. touring carry is our main source of income in Jamaica so we depend passing on the touristry industry, in order to surrender a prosperous industry we must depart flavor service. close to of the services that we reach out be transportation by air, land and sea, adventure and we in any case provide a relaxing atmosphere just to name a few.We as well provide good customer service, customer delight which is exceeding our customers (tourist) expectations and creating rave fans for your line. Two main reasons for customer delight are to retain argument and to persuade them to be ambassadors for our services. Good customer service provides good ordain, increased usurp business, excellent word of mouth marketing, respect and recognition of existence professional. (company, two hundred6)In every business customer service is key, they rely on usurp customers for the growth of their business if the customer is not fulfil with the level of service they get from a business they will not go hind end to said place. The difference between service deliveries in the hospitality industry to service delivery in other businesses is that in a business like Grace Kennedy they use indirect services, which include financing, transport and communion they are supportive of the creation of goods and services. They make it possible for the goods that fork up been produced to be distributed and made available to the customers for whom they are intended however in the hospitality industry they use indirect service this includes much(prenominal) theatres as Education, wellness care, Administrative services and touristry. touristry is one indirect service that demands our supernu merary attention. In most of the Caribbean territories like Jamaica touristry rank as the highest major(ip) industries. It provides a high level of business, is a great earner of irrelevant qualify, and supports many other businesses, including Hotels, Entertainment, Cottage industry and Farming. (Elise Webber, 1990)COMMUNITY BASED touristry residential district base tourism has, for over three decades, been kick upstairsd as a means of suppuration whereby the social, environmental and frugal needs of local anesthetic communities are meet through the offering of a tourism product. However, whilst many projects have been funded in break downing countries, their success (or otherwise) has not been widely monitored and, therefore, the actual bring ins to local communities remain largely unqualified.Identify the pros and cons of friendship found tourism and dispute the implications on the country on a whole. fellowship of interests based tourism is usually owned and operat ed by people in the union. Most Jamai dirty dogs feel alienated from the tourism industry and do not believe that they benefit from tourism. It therefore, becomes important for individuals to become stakeholders as they will now have a reason to protect and sustain the industry. The touristry Master Plan has set residential district tourism as the avenue to achieve sustained growth, environmental sustainability, enhanced visitant experience, increased employment and company partment. (company, 2006)Community Tourism was developed and pioneered in Mandeville Jamaica by Diana McIntyre-Pike, hotelier/tourism consultant and Desmond enthalpy an ex-Director of Tourism in 1978. The Astra rural area order became the centre for Community Tourism and has been recognized as the pioneer hotel in Community Tourism. Several bear witnessations have been done locally and internationally by Mrs. McIntyre-Pike and Mr. Henry on Community Tourism which has now allowed it to become a creation recognized tourism. For example, the multinational Institute for Peace through Tourism invited Mrs. McIntyre-Pike as one of the worlds 200 success stories speakers at their second Global Conference in 1994 to present the history of Community Tourism and its future. Since wherefore the Institute has take aimed the Astra solid ground Inn as one of its case studies internationally in community-based tourism. (Pike)Community Tourism embraces sustainable phylogenesis through tourism and focuses on the ecology, heritage, culture and port of life of a community and its people. Eco-tourism, Heritage Tourism, Cultural Tourism, Adventure Tourism are a few examples of the types of special interest markets under community tourism. There tends to be much confusion of Community Tourism as it is being seen as one of the special interest type of tourism rather than what it really is a tourism that is community-based in all aspects of the office of life. sustainable tourism cannot be succes sful without the participation of communities in the development and management. In 1988, acres direction was bring into beingd as the marketing and development governance for Community Tourism. Country style belonged in association with the Central and second Tourism Organization (CESTO) to develop the Community Tourism programme. The central and confederation area of the island was targeted as the model region for the development. The main focus is onPrivate Home stays where visitors can stay in a private home with families and experience their way of life during their vacation. This has proved very successful as it has enabled visitors to get the best of Jamaicas hospitality, learn the culture, heritage, entertainment, cuisine and more. Country style now receives daily requests for this type of accommodation through e-mail and fax from all over the world.Bed Breakfast accommodation is also encouraged in the communitiesparticipating. Anyone interested in be sexual climax an official do it breakfast facility are advised the requirements needful for TPDCo. Country style is very selective where their visitors stay and has had a successful level of satisfaction.Country style specializes in serving special interest markets. Thesemarkets are researched and tour packages are developed to suit the interests of visitors. An educational institution uses Jamaica through Country styles Community Tourism programme as a lab of cross- ethnic study and research. For example Penn State University was the pioneer educational institution which pass Country style to develop an all-island tourism and environmental package which include community interaction and meeting resource persons working directly in tourism. Seminars were held in each location where the good, bad and ugly of the community was openly discussed, analyzed and recommendations for action determined. This information sufficeed Country style to assist communities in developing projects for improving the product.The Country style Institute for Sustainable Tourism (CIST) was created to facilitate community provision through existing procreation institutions for sustainable development through tourism. Major partners include CESTO, HEART- Trust/NTA-Kenilworth, NCTVET, western hemisphere Indies College, Knox Community College, New Beulah Moravian Church, Hibiscus Cultural Tours International, Western Catering School, Penn State University, Caribbean action at law for Sustainable Tourism (CAST). CAST has endorsed the work of CIST and has indicated interest in collaborating with CIST to develop the Caribbean community training programme for Sustainable Tourism. The Executive Director of CIST is Mr. Barry oceanic bonito (Pike)Country style Community Tours has successfully attracted many visitorsthrough the Community Experience packages which give visitors the flexibility to tour Jamaica with community persons and allowing them to stay in Villages Island wide which has been sensiti zed by the Country style group. Visitors are saved from harassment and crime because of the approach of educating communities before they are exposed to visitors. The visitor responses to these packages in Jamaica have now encouraged Country style to develop Caribbean packages (Pike)The Governments role in the development of community based tourism is to promise that adequate infrastructure is in place, for example, roads, light, water and telecommunication services. To check up on that training programmes are implemented based on individual skills and the requirement of the project. To warrant that effective marketing programmes are implemented and to ensure that adequate condom and security measures are put in place. (company, 2006)The Tourism Product growth Companys role in the development of community tourism to assist in project development ensuring that necessary amenities and physical structures are in place through the project Development Department. To ensure that tour ism entities are on par with the required standard of the industry through the standards development. To ensure that individuals are trained in various skill areas such as management and technical support of the development of community tourism, tour guiding, kiss of life First Aid, customer service and tourism awareness. These programmes would be implemented by the human resource development. (company, 2006)Some benefits of Community based tourism is that it provides employment for persons in the community, increase opportunity for social and ethnical interchange, it increase income which will allow improvement of infrastructure and enhancement of the community and provide the quality of life. (company, 2006)Cultural preservation (economic incentives to preserve food, fashion, festivals and physical history, but these tend to be superficial elements of a culture.)environmental protection (econ incentives to preserve nature, wildlife and urban cleanliness) irrelevant exchange (gene rates resources to import food, pharmaceuticals, technology, consumer goods.)Development of health care services (those these arent perpetually available to local people.) (un tell apartn, about ct/benefits.htm) harmonise to the Gleaner published Monday October 2 2001, Former Tourism director Desmond Henry criticized the Jamaica tourist board (JTB) for not recognizing the development of community based tourism on the south soaring the future of Jamaicas tourism is on the south coast and it lies in community tourism. There is a whole lot to be done, there is a need for additional rooms but the most important affair is the need for trainees and the community has to understand its role in this important development. He went on to say that the Jamaica Tourist Board has not taken community tourism seriously enough to assist those involved. By employing trainees in the community this will decrease unemployment and exiguity in said community. (www.jamaicaobserver.com, 2011)Tourism recto r, Hon. Edmund Bartlett, says community-based tourism has the potential to significantly boost employment for persons in rural Jamaica, mend further driving the development of the product. speak at the National interview on Community-based tourism, held at the Devonshire Restaurant at Devon House, in capital of Jamaica on September 8, Mr. Bartlett said the polity framework for the community-based tourism outline will facilitate the provision of a wide unravel of gambol opportunities in the celestial sphere.The consultation aims to facilitate further dialogue among stakeholders on the pen Community-based Tourism Policy and Strategy, which has been submitted to Cabinet for consideration.In January 2010, the Ministry of Tourism and the Jamaica Social enthronisation Fund (JSIF) signed an agreement for the development of a community-based tourism policy under the Rural Economic Development Initiative (REDI) project. The project is being funded by the Government of Jamaica and the World Bank, through a US$15 million loan.This will benefit and empower many vulnerable groups, such as women, young people, as well as under-skilled and unemployed individuals, the Minister noted.Mr. Bartlett said the policy will also help to talk numerous weaknesses at the community level that have hampered the growth of community-based tourism enterprises for years, such as the lack of entrepreneurial capacity, and a limited collar of tourism markets and the area in general. The policy will target these shortcomings by providing appropriate approaches to planning and management for such entities as well as institutional arrangements, technical assistance and support, he explained.Mr. Bartlett informed that the policy and strategy, being developed under the guidance of the JSIF, is intended to facilitate the development of a framework aimed at enhancing the policy and institutional capacity needed to develop community-based tourism as a sustainable growth sector locally.I mu st underscore that this is a vital initiative, as scorn the fact that the tourism sector remains the islands primary foreign exchange earner and the driving force of the Jamaican economy, there is still abundant potential for further growth and development, he said.Despite our successes to date, broadening our range of tourism offerings remains an important pillar in our thrust to vary our product, and developing community based tourism is key to this initiative, he remarked. (unknown, www.jamaicans.com, 2011)Some disadvantage of community based tourism isCultural destruction, (modernization (world mono-culture), freezes culture as performers, loss language, religion, rituals, material culture.)primary products (sun, sand, surf, safari, suds, ski, sex) (little value added, neo-colonialism)Environmental destruction (game drives, resorts golf, ski, beach, desert, world as play ground, SUV.)Marginal employment (low skill, low wage, menial services, prostitution, dose trade, gamblin g, hustlers.)Low benefits (no job security, no health care, no organizing, no work safety rules or enviro standards.)Development of illegal and/or destructive economic activities (markets for drugs, endangered species, etc.)Outside hiring (skilled middle and senior management recruited out of the area and transferred in.)Concentration employment (walled resort enclaves.)seasonal employment. (mozer)Solutions (for visitor)act to support cultural diversityengage in activities that add value to the communitydont do activities that deteriorate the environmentdont engage in illegal activitiesact to penetrate the benefitsPatronize locally (community) owned enterprises.Solutions (for the host)support the traditional cultural legacyTraining and education in local culture, history, born(p) science, etc.select development and activities that draw from local traditions and add value to the communitydont promote activities that deteriorate the environmentdont engage in illegal activitiesadopt a program to disperse the benefitsPatronize locally produced products and locally (community) owned enterprises. pretend business and foreign exchange transactions transparent and efficient. (unknown, about ct/benefits.htm)2) Community based tourism is an alternative type of tourism that can be apply to diversify Jamaica Tourism Product and provide Jamaica with a competitive advantage.Minister of State in the Ministry of Tourism and Entertainment Damion Crawford says the sector has to diversify its products if tourism is to play a major role in the countrys development.Crawford says tourism can play a pivotal role in Jamaicas development, but adds that offering the same products to every visitor cannot be the answer.Speaking at a recent symposium at the Mona Campus of the University of the West Indies, Mr. Crawford echoed calls for the west Kingston community of Trench Town to be promoted as an area for cultural tourism.He says although the community was made popular by Jamaican m edicine icon Bob Marley, it is still not promoted for the cultural experience. (www.jamaicaobserver.com, 2011)Community based tourism is good for the countrys economic growth and it help to decrease poverty. According to the UWI Community based tourism, however, offers a unique opportunity for Jamaica. The process of community based tourism development if managed effectively has the potential to alleviate poverty and illiteracy. Community based tourism also has the potential to develop the natural creative energy of Jamaicans by transforming average citizens into entrepreneurs. It can be used to develop strong partnerships by twinning existing traditional tourism entrepreneurs. It can be combined with the existing tourism product offerings to create a uniquely Jamaica experience. Community based tourism can be a standalone venture of a partnership of the traditional products blended with Jamaican charm, culture and heritage to create a community tourism genius that culminates in a truly Jamaican experience. Community based tourism can bring out the best in Jamaican people. (UNKNOWN) technologyTechnology has significant impact on the development of the travel and tourism industry. DiscussTechnology has played a significant role in the development of the tourism and travel industry. This has been seen through the internet, telecommunication services and efflorescence of sale (POS).By using the internet it is easier for you to go on vacation without the hassle, you no longer have to guess if the destination u lack to go have the facilities you requirement you can now go on the internet and research your destination. Also if youre a adventurous person and your coming to Jamaica the internet would also help you to find a hotel near the places you neediness to see, For example if u wanted to visit Dolphin cove, Dunns river and mystic mountains by doing your research you would not book a hotel in Kingston which is as well far from where u wanted to be. By using t he internet u could also check to see when it is cheaper for you to travel and get deals with the hotels and airline. You also want to know that when u are going on vacation u can access your bank account.If all this is not possible then u would not want to go on vacation. You want to know that u can still stay in contact with your business while relaxing on the beach.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion delivering quality service is very important not only in the tourist industry but in other businesses. If customers are not satisfied with the level of service they get they will not come keep going to your business and we rely mostly on our repeat customers.Community based tourism is also important because it allows the local residents to be involved in tourism and it provides employment and decrease poverty.Technology is important in the tourism industry because without it persons would not leave their business or family to go on vacation knowing that they are not going to be in contact with them.

String Definition And Concatenation Of Strings

chain of mountains Definition And chain of mountains Of StringsFor this mini convocation project, me and my partner nurse been launchn a project title to be discussed which is describe definition, null range of mountains and length, mountain chain of caboodle up, sub withdraw, and in addition languages and natural languages. This issue is the sub studys from the main chapter 3 which is Sequences and String. From this chapter basic tout ensembley this chapter help student peculiarly in the application of computing device programming.In this era of in plantation technology earthly concern begin been doing math and physics for a long time until at present in such from the geometry and logic of the Greek era of the Mediterranean, the numeracy of the Hindus in India, and alike the development of algebra by Islamic scholars in Baghdad, until to the explosion of knowledge and learn in Europe after the invention of movable sign.In 1970s, the trace theory was born. Three particle theorists have been indep extirpateently realize that the treble theories developed in 1968 to describe the particle spectrum. The quantum mechanics of oscillating draw also have been describe. Thus it marks the official birth of imbibe theory.More everywhere, string theory is the leading flush toiletdidate theory of quantum gravity. In fact, in that location are several consistent variants and they all have the certain mutual features. The nearly obvious are the replacement of point particles by thread and the six extra curled-up space-time dimensions. Thus, due to their extra numerical origin, these clear string theories squeeze out admit very and various different numeral descriptions. at any rate that, from the research, it says that the string currently know it there is not ofttimes indication that string theory is distinguishable. Strings can be described as the continuous loops in space. But, there has been just intimately interesting cogitation by Susskind and others which does seem to evoke that string theory could be clear-cut.As for the early conclusion, string theory has turnd derivations of mathematical theories like toric geometry and K-theory, and a armament of string-motivated conjectures in virtually every field of mathematics. Whatever its the inevitability of string theory as a mathematical theory of the highest order is fractious to dispute. In light of this, perhaps we should turn Wigners remark around and curiosity instead at the unreasonable effectiveness of string theory in mathematics.INTRODUCTION OF THE RESEARCHAll of mathematics, as well as subjects that bank on mathematics, such as computer science and engineering, always contain use of functions, sequences and string and also relations. And nowadays, most modern computer programs are represented by delimited sequences of characters.String definitionFrom the book, it says that impermanent sequences of the form a1, a2, , an are called string. Str ings are normally restricted to sequences composed of symbols wasted from a finite alphabet, and are often tycooned from 0 or 1. A string is just a finite sequence where S is a check off of characters. Strings denoted by putting the characters together, for the case 12345. Besides that, strings are the fundamental object of computer science. Everything discrete can be described as a string of characters.Decimal numbers 1010230824879double star numbers 011101010111String NotationA string notation can be described as a string which is a finite sequence of 0 or much letters in some pre-set alphabet . For drill decimal numbers =0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and for binary numbers = 0,1. ineffectual string and lengthThe unique string with no components is called null string, get out represented the lambda symbol l . Its length is zero l = 0. Besides that, null string also be known as forsake string which the string with no elements. Either way, the length of a finite string is just its number of terms (or of distinct indices). The length s of a finite string s is its number of positions which is the number of index values i.Concatenation of strings, substringThe operation which be known as concatenation which is concatenation of cardinal strings and it is formed by joining 2 end-to-end. We can say that the concatenation of the strings book and case is the string bookcase. In discrete mathematics we often use the concatenation of two strings such as a and b which the operation on strings consisting of writing a and followed by b to produce a new string of ab. Next is the concatenation of two or much numbers is the number formed by concatenating their numerals. For example, the concatenation of 1, 234, and 5678 is 12345678. The value of the issuing depends on the numeric base, which is typically understood from the context. For substring, given a classify G of order g, then let U denote the set of all ordered multi-sets of elements of G. This allow let V denot e the subset of U consisting of multi-sets with just g components, and let A denote the subset of V consisting of multi-sets of exactly g distinct components.Languages and natural languagesIn information technology (IT), especially in computer programming, we are sometimes required to process a language. So, basically from discrete mathematics we will learn the concept of languages in a systematic way. For example, a compiler is a software that can translate a computer program written in a particular language into another language which is usually into a political machine language. small-arm for natural language processing is a study of how to produce the computer software that is capable of understanding natural language. We start with the 26 characters A-Z, and string them to form a word. Thus, the language will consist of a collection of such words.RESULT OF THE RESEARCHSTRING DEFINITIONA string over X, which X is such a finite set that is a finite of a sequence of element XLet , X = a, b, c and then we leta = ccabbb this is a string over X and than the string will be written notation ccabbb = c2ab3String is a sequence and the order is taken. The example that can we see is the string given accbbb that is different from the string ccabbb even that has alike(p) value alone it is still different because of the order.In internet (computer science)Let be an alphabet, a non-empty finite. A string over is any finite sequence of characters from . For exampleIf = 0, 1, then 0101 is a string over From both example given, we can see that in computer science also use, that it is same but just difference in using the symbol of X and .NULL STRINGThe null string also known as empty set that is the string with no elements .It is denoted by letter l (lambda). It has length zero. We also denote X* is the set of all string over X and also denote X+ is the set of all non-null string over X.Let, X* = all strings over X including lExample1Let X= 3, 4Some elements in X* are 44, 33, 43, 4433, 4, 3, 44034343, lExample2Let X = b, cSome of element in X* arec, b, bcbc, b40c4bc, lFor X+ we Let X+ = X* l, the set of all non-null strings over X. distance OF STRINGThe length of a string a is the number of elements of a and that it is denoted by a.If a = a2bc3 or aabccc then a = 6.If til now=3, another=7, usage=5, pipe=4, symbol=6.CONCATENATION OF STRINGConcatenation of two strings a and b is the operation on strings consisting of writing a followed by b and it produce aba = bbaccc and b = caaba,Then,ab = bbaccccaaba = b2ac4a2baClearly, ab = a + bIn computer programmingString concatenation is the operation of joining two end to end.ExampleThe strings beach and ball may be concatenated to give beachball.First exampleThe following expression use the + symbol as the concatenation operator to join 2 stringsPrint hi, + sexual love produces the concatenated string hi, dear by joining those 2 strings south example,(wet+land) is equals to (wetland). It shows that c oncatenation can be achieved with the + string operator. dustup AND NATURAL LANGUAGELet B = 2, 3-The example is languages over BL1 = 2, 23, 233, 2333,L2 = 2m3m m 0L3 = 2m3n m 0, n 0Suppose that B is a set of alphabet. That it is define a language L over B is a collection of strings over X.A language L is only if a subset of A.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSAs for the conclusions, this topic of sequence and string help both of us to signify and link what we have learnt in the module of discrete mathematics within computer science and information technology. From this topic we have doing research about string definition, null string and length, concatenation of string, substring, languages and also natural languages. By doing this mini project we have investigated that the applications of this topic in discrete mathematics need in the areas of computer science and IT. Nowadays, most modern computer program are represented by finite sequences of characters. We therefore need to develop the algebraic way such as string for handling such finite sequences. Moreover, this string topic is crucial to be learned by the student as it much involve in the application of computer programming.In computer programming, essentially, the string is a sequence of characters which is generally understood as a data type usually storing data values usually bytes. The elements usually stand for characters jibe to a character encoding, which will differentiates it from the other general array data type. Thus, the terms binary string and byte string are used to suggest strings in which the stored data does not necessarily represent text. While in discrete mathematics we learn string as mathematical structures. As we have doing our research on this topic, we can see that this topic involve much in the application of computer programming. As both of us are from science computer course, we can apply what we have learned in discrete mathematics into our application programming.Fi nally for the recommendations to alter more this topic which is Sequence and String, both of us have think that while in the lectures student should given more detail and report of string involving the subtopics of null string and non null string. Moreover, deep explanation about the function of language and natural languages in string also will help much the student to understand more this topic, apply it in the programming skills, and can do well in our final examination. The attain of doing this mini project is both of can develop our understanding of the concepts and the applications of discrete mathematics through experiences which enable both us to explore more and model a variety or real-world situations. Special thanks to our reader Prof Dr. Haslina which have help both of us in grownup the guidelines to do well for this our discrete mathematics mini project.

Unity And Diversity In The New Testament Religion Essay

Unity And Diversity In The recent testament Religion judgeThe author of this article on Unity and Diversity in the New testament, D. A. Carson, develops a reflection in defending the unity of the New volition having in consideration the diversity of it. He starts his reflection by describing and then(prenominal) criticizing some works done by an another(prenominal)(prenominal)s scholars to be able to put in his position on the matter. One of the works was the book Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity written by W. Bauer, which Carson strongly criticizes beca role of his abandonment of the New volition based on disagreement of the existence of the first snow perform (66). According to Carson, this critical reconstruction of early church history, coupled with other developments that equally depreciate the truthfulness of the New Testament hire generated a host of writings exploring the nature of New Testament righteousness (67). Carson proposes that domineering theology and biblical theology are necessary for the escorting of such unity in the New Testament even when there is diversity. plowshare to the Idea of Doing Biblical TheologyCarson defines biblical theology as the pegleg of theology whose concern it is to study each corpus of the Scripture in its avow right, especially with respect to its place in history of Gods florescence revelation (69). For him it is very important to his readers to know that biblical theology has play an important role in the development of the unity of the New Testament because of the historical facts that go with it. On the other hand, Carson defines organized theology as the branch of theology that seeks to elaborate the whole and the parts of Scripture (69).In my analysis, I noticed that systematic theology has to do with logical sort of of historical links. However, I also noticed that there is a connectedness between biblical theology and systematic theology. Carson asserted, biblical theology mustiness be systematic even if it focuses on the historical place and importee of each corpus and systematic theology, if it turns on fair exegesis, must perforce rely on historical considerations (70). In my understanding, it seems that the author is emphasizing the ask for unity in the New Testament to be able to expend either biblical or systematic theologies.In Carsons criticism, he cites the works of J.D.G. Dunn especially the kerigma of Jesus (72). Not only does Dunn develop the idea of the use of the kerigma but also the use of the Old Testament manuscripts, other devotion concepts, and the study of the life of Christ. However, Dunn excludes the evidence in the Gospel of John. He eliminates the kerigma. He avoids disputeing about this topic. On the other hand, Carson asserts that the factor that determines the unity of the New Testament is the person of Jesus as a man and Jesus as the glorified one and concludes that there was diversity among the Christians in the fir st century (72). He disagrees, as do I, about Dunns conclusion that Jesus was not, in His own teaching, the object of faith (74). No wonder Carson labels Dunns book as superficial (77).In spite of all of his criticism to Dunns works, the author switches viewpoints to discuss the importance of systematic theology in being coherent to the shade or context being studied. In this sense, he develops four positions to back up up his statements. The first position is that the Scripture is faithful and historically testable (79). The sulphur position is that the laws of logic help in the integration of knowledge and intercourse of the truth (80). The third position is that systematic theology requires documentation to mint candy with the Bible topics (81). The last position is that systematic theology needs to arrest biblical data including the sixty-six books of the canon (82).He also discusses the topic of diversity in the New Testament characterized by synthesizing the truth effec tuate in the Bible in contemporary terms (83), and the distinction of how a writer records and interpret that truth (84). In addition, the diversity also includes the own personal interests and ideologies of the writers, which means that two authors could be talking about the similar topic but with different words and writing styles.Implications for My MinistryThe author helped me to understand the differences between biblical and systematic theology and the importance in applying elucidate methodology when analyzing biblical texts. He showed me through this article that exegesis interacts with biblical theology biblical theology interacts with historical theology and historical theology interacts with systematic theology. All of them interact with each other.Another implication in my ministry is that I need to teach the Scripture and transmit to my congregation and youth company that it is trustworthy. In addition, I need to legitimize that there is harmony in both theologies, b iblical and systematic theologies. This understanding will help me to charter a better interpretation of biblical passages.Finally, something that I learned from D.A. Carson is to have a broad analysis and criticism about works of other authors in order to make the truth be revealed through the processes compound in systematic theology. This analysis will help me to think critically with the purpose of deciphering truth.

Social Justice in Education

additionible Justice in EducationThis paper presents a critical valuation on the paying backs which link the current pedagogyal re importants with kindly justice. The paper will provide a critical evaluation based on the development of an appropriate framework for finding how preparation is supposed to be constructed to reflect br sepa outrankly justice around the manhood to sidereal day. By examining the dissimilar research, that centers social justice and precept, one finds evidence that studyal social justice in the development context is based on the aspect of democracy this may be seen as an example of the perfect man-to-manism. This hyper-individualism has dominated the groomingal debate as it relates to social justice. In this situation, the whole parliamentary law, and social cohesion atomic number 18 marginalized. This marginalization light-emitting diode to the development of a naturalise curriculum which is based on providing commandment for specific i ndividuals indoors the scotch imperatives. The paper concludes with the recommendation that in the creation of a soci completelyy just baseball club, it is important for hyper-individualism to non overlook the importance of the whole social classify. This means that in that location is a need for a shift of assimilation which would respect individual responsibilities and rights as part of the whole social condition. ripening of a curriculum which addresses the needs of all in the educational setting is a product from addressing the mid(prenominal)dle of a society rather than all of a society.Introduction neighborly justice means ensuring equality in all aspects which affect tidy sum in the community, society, nation and the around the globe. Social justice is a concept which fights s for the right of every individual for the opportunities procurable in the society, no matter the sort out, age, gender, stimulate or heathenish origin. Social justice in groundbreaking d ay education is align to the dominate ideology of democratic liberalism. This is about the examination of the hyper individualism offshoot which results into the dominance of the educational remains and social justice. the Statesn pupils comprise of those from sizeable and poor families, those from the urban and rural areas and those who are straight and gay. Each day they are taught on the importance of equality and in every pledging they make, they foresee to be indivisible, ensuring there is justice and liberty to all. Students are similarly taught of the treasure of democratic equality which suggests on the need of all American to be treated and regarded as equal citizens with no biasness on the basis of ones oscilloscope ,economic status, unrestricted opinion , terra firma, religion, race, or sex. The students are in addition taught on the fundamental on the main democratic value of justice which is a core belief that America provides the same opportunities and adv antages to all the citizens. contempt the t severallyings given to students on social justice the education schema of America is char rounderized by inequalities which from course of instruction to year are being perpetuated.The education carcass of American the 21st microscope stage centigrade is characterized by increasing wide gap between those with and those without. This situation has been fostered by the trickle-down economic policies and deregulation. These policies are traced back to the administration of hot seat Reagan and Clintons administration which enacted the anti-worker legislation. President Bush administration further protrudeed the major businesses and offering appraise free breaks for the rich as compared to the embarrasseder and middle class people these polices be possessed of hindered the ability of America to move to fightds being an enlightened society because these policies have introduced a few Feudalism where as separate already developed coun tries have had positive development in their education dodging.The carrying into action of policies which support social justice in the American education system will mean providing equal opportunities to students in their rights to education. The macrocosm about the American system of education is that instructs have distinct economic disparities. There are those rails considered for the rich and those schools seen as poor schools. The socio-economic condition of the families the students surfaces from determines the schools they bring up to. The choices of their extracurricular activities, access to money to pay for advanced placement, yearbooks field trips and many an(prenominal) other pedantic and non academic aspects. In most cases, the students of mild SES provide special education classes and remedial schools while their counterparts attend schools which have college preparatory curriculum. and so the reality is that students in America are not provided with the s ame educational probability as it is often assumed.History of state-supported education in the crossroads StatesThe public education of America is very distinct and unique compared to other countries mainly because of the roles and responsibilities played by the individual school district and the states. The schematic public education of the unifyed States was created I during the 19th century. The public school system was initially suggested by Jefferson the American leader whose ideas were well coordinated in the development of the countrys education system. Other continents and regions which had been colonists by New England such as New Hampshire, Connecticut and Massachusetts had already established the aboriginal form of education of public education which had already been implemented during the 1600s the main reason why the colonizers took to educate the children was solely based on unearthly aspects of the Congregationalists and the Puritans who were dominating on t hose regions. Alter when the regions began to be populated by other people of different faiths. The initial concept of these public schools became weakened through and through the opposition to learn both in the clergy imposition to the system and in any case in denial to learn in English. This led to the formation of clandestine schooling which were already a norm by the mid of the eighteenth century.The Declaration of Independence brought about unique standards and specifications of the public education system. Jefferson soupcon was that all the public schools be under the control of the government with no discrimination based on sacred biasness and to be made available to all people irrespective of ones social status. Other contri butions on the issue of public education by then were made by George Washington, Robert Coram, Noah Webster and gum benzoin Rush However the true concept of education system by then was not well defined due to the impact of economic transformation, political upheavals and wide scale immigration. Currently a lot of long changes have taken place in both the education celestial sphere which comprises of public schools, religious, private and charitable institutions.Public education system in America began in the 1840s and was attended with the wealthy people within a given locality. Reformers came up to fight for the need of ensuring education benefits are provided to make up students from the poor families. One putting surfacely known reformer is Horace Mann who was for education reforms in Massachusetts and Henry Bernard based in Connecticut. Common schooling was for the benefit of uniting the society, pr neverthelesstion of poverty and crime by ensuring every citizen is well. These reforms calls led to the development of public schools to students at the elementary level towards the fall of the19th century. The Catholic Church was however not in support of these reforms but kinda created its own schools to be attended b y students privately.The first public school which came up in the unify States came in 1635 called the Boston Latin School. And ulterior Harvard University became the first university to enroll students from the discordant public schools who had done well. Students in these earliest colleges and schools got involved in the events of the time such as the World war 11, the Greater depressions and the Cold war. The passing of Morill Act in 1890 meant greater support to the universities of various states and land was also granted to construct these universities. Efforts were made to finance these public universities and even those at the showtimeer level to ensure that each student in America gets heights gear quality education.However, the education system was not up to the level required by the members of public that education should be made available to all the children irrespective of their gender, race or economic standards. This was not the case in reality. Schools became h ighly discriminative notwithstanding them being founded by the tax paid by all the members of the public. dissimilarity of these schools was on the basis of gender and race. In many schools, girls were not admitted and if admitted, they were not provided with the same courses as those done by the boys. They were scarce taught subjects resembling tailoring, provision and secretarial courses. Discrimination in the United States public education has also been enhanced by the unfair public policies passed especially in school districts.The cause of inequality in education systemAccording to various researches done to establish the cause of inequality in the education system, it has work evident that the socioeconomic factors play a significant role in the education of a child. Jerome Brunner, a cultural psychologist in his book the goal of education (1996) explains that the mental growth of a child is determined by the effect of alienation, racism and poverty (p xii). He goes on to say that utile education is as a result b of the constituencies and culture which is mesomorphic in the maintenance of the social status quo than in flexibility education (p, 15). The social status quo is promoted by political motivation which aims at maturation a body of the underclass people who support the industry.During the whole of the twentieth century, the economy of America was depended on the manufacturing labor which was in need of workers who perpetrate repetitive and simple jobs with no any required formal education. Therefore the aim of these manufacturing companies with the support of the government was not to cultivate a hands which was educated. The 21st century saw a shift of the manufacturing company conviction into an economy based on information. This reliance required a manpower which is highly educated or literate employees who are critical thinkers in solving problems have technological know-how. These are the goals which found not been achieved by every student because in the first place they are not been given the opportunity to attend to schools due to the inequality in funding, neediness of school environment or the preparedness of teachers. That student who ahead attended the fully funded schools by the government had students who were attended to individually compare to the to the lowest degree successful schools which is a form of both geographical and economic segregation. In 2001 president Bush passed the policy of the No child Left cornerstone Act as a law with the goal of meeting the high standards of education and as a solution to enabling schools around the United States to work and meet the standards provide by the Act. The Act has brought about modify debate on why it is not addressing the issue of racism and poverty which are the central problems that affect the education system in the United States. On the Contrary to the intentions of the Act as a way of maintaining high level of education in the United S tates the Act has instead fostered the racial segregation in the education system especially through its demo system. It is only the schools which perform better that they are provided with funds but when critically examine these high performing schools are the schools attended by the whites students because they have been well equipped with the educational facilities and resources necessary for students success. Those schools which are attended by the Black students are mostly less equipped resulting to high rate of students with the least academic scores.Public policiesDiscrimination based on raceIn 1619, many Blacks arrived in the United States as slaves and by mid 19th century there were as many as 5.5 billion Black people in the country. The early form of education the blacks were provided with was religious education and to make them be Christians. In many regions with slaves many missionary schools were created but in some parts mainly at the grey states were against the provision of any form of education to the black people m because they were not ready to do way with slavery use. All in all, the education provided to the blacks was of low standards until 1863 when the Emancipation Proclamation was passed by Lincoln. The backs literacy rate was pushed up to 70% by 1910 compared to 5% in the 1860s.Reaching 1950s, segregation was unbosom a common phenomenon in America. For example in the southern states, there was a clear distinction of the black and white schools according to the controlling Court rulings on the Plessey V. Ferguson case. Such laws were not in the North of America but still racial segregation in schools was still the common aspect and due to this unbalanced form education, the blacks were provided with inferior forms of education. The schools attended by the whites were also fully funded and had well equipped facilities and teachers were also well recompense compared to the black schools.The passing of the Brown v. Board of Educat ion of Topeka in 1954 by the Supreme Court was meant to ban any form of racial segregation in the countrys schools. This law marked that racial segregation was unconstitutional and it went ahead in ensuring that schools to be diverse. This was especially in the South where national courts had made great efforts of eliminating segregation in the schools which in fact had been legalized. Despite the efforts by the courts it was still not possible to totally eliminate the entrust of discrimination in schools. The urban schools became a place where the Hispanic Americans who were on the rises and the poor blacks to attend the middle class blacks and majority of the white student were move to private schools. Poverty became a common aspect to many Native Americans who had already lost their lands to the whites making them not to even attend school all together.Discrimination based on genderSocial inequality in the school system also involves discrimination on gender lines. What the re ality was during the time is that girls were not encouraged to study but this was fought by the work of Mary Lyon, Jane Addams, Emma Willard , Mary McLeod . They came up with colleges of high nurture for women which enabled young girls to learn the courses also learned by boys which had been deemed as courses only for the boys. The first college for girls was the Oberlin College which was founded in 1833. Others which followed were Vassar College in 1861 and Bryn Mawr College.By 1960s many schools for girls and women had come up because of the rise of gender movements which was against sexual discrimination. This lead to the passing of the federal Education Amendment prohibiting against the discrimination based on sexual orientation in 1972. The girls schools and school for women began to be funded by the federal government. Despite the equality of education to both boys and girls, women and men, discrimination on the basis of gender is further seen when in search of employment a fter graduation. Many employees would prefer to employ a man engineer than a lady engineer which also applies to the other professions which were only meant for men in the past.The current nature of the education system of AmericaEducation today is considered as a vital and prize in uplifting the modern society. But this perception according To Sacks is a myth he presents various insightful aspects which portrays the true nature of the education system in America in the current times. His books present actual statistics and information to show the segregation in schools especially in the higher education level of studies.For example in 1988 students from the lowest economic background results showed that for him to attain a university degree, he had to 6.9 % chances of gaining this chances. By currently this does not apply. low-toned economic background means no bachelors degree or even a masters. The only probability is that they can afford to join colleges by 50%. Also as studen t from high social economic background has 51 % chances of earning a degree and for a masters degree with probability of 8%. 9% and only 4. 4 percent to join a college (U.S Department of education 2002).In the early 1990s students selected to join the national universities were 3% who are from the lowest economic backgrounds while at the same time those from the highest economic families had 75% chances of joining the compass. These statistics indicate the widening gap of the education level among the rich and poor students. As geezerhood goes by those from low economic backgrounds have ended upon not having education and if so they attended poor schools which offer cheap schooling and low quality of education. Racial disparities are evident in the education system. Minorities like the Latinos and African Americans among others are suffering most because of this. These racial inequalities are an affiliate also of the class inequalities. The educationist also characterized by unequ aled findings depending on the prosperity level of the school the quality of education and the social class of most parents in that School.RecommendationAddressing the issue of social justice in the education system portrays the negative consequences of evils in the education sector. Failure of supply all the students in a given country leads to a group of idol people who have the time to involve in various social crimes in the society as well as severeness habits like drug trafficking and alcohol abuse. For the general good of all the members of the public it is important for the government to look into ways which even students from extremely low economic background can manage to learn. Education to all also means empowering the nation economically because all people will be having the skills and knowledge of investing and earning a desirable living condition. Brunner points that, Education is risky, for it fuels the sniff out of possibility. But a failure to equip minds with t he skills for understanding and feeling and performing in the cultural world risks creating alienation, defiance, and practical incompetence (pp. 42-43). Dewey also believes that the society can only be empowered through education because it brings forwards a change in knowledge, behavior and intelligence (Fishman, 1998). This therefore is the authoritative time when the nation has to critically think on ways of change the society by ensuring there is justices and equality in the education system.The progress in learning methods and technology has significantly contributed to major changes in the public education in a positive way but the modern day social life in Americans characterized by smoking, alcoholisms, drugs violence and issues think to sex. The public education I of America has been looked as a system of education which inculcates the ideas of individual freedom and equality but its current low standards has made any educators to find the ways of improving the syste m. The No shaver Left Behind Act is one of the ways of improving the education standards in America but it requires critical examination to prevent the act from further contributing to the issue of bringing forth social injustice based or race and economic backgrounds of the students.

Contrastive Analysis And Error Analysis

unfitting Analysis And shift AnalysisContrastive epitome is a method to distinguish between what are compulsory and not needed to learn by the south talking to learner by evaluating languages (M.Gass Selinker, 2008). In addition, discrepant analysis is a technique to rate whether two languages have any(prenominal)thing in common which assess both similarities and differences in languages, conforming to the belief in language universals. (Johnson, 1999). Both statements indicate that contrastive analysis holds a rule which is essential in order to identify what are required by the act learner and what are not. If on that point is no familiar characteristic in the languages, then it is not indispensable to compare the languages. While much could be said about analyze languages, a more important aspect is about influence from L2 in L1. Contrastive analysis stresses the influence of the mother tongue in learn a second language in phonological, morphological, lexical an d syntactic levels. It holds that second language would be affected by first language (Jie, 2008, p. 36). On the aforesaid(prenominal) score, Wardhaugh asserts that first language of second language learners can wrap up all errors that are constantly make them. These arguments prove that the common mistakes snitch by the second language learner are explainable in the first language if there is a relation in both languages. Indeed, this idea is conform to the rule of contrastive analysis which believes in language universal. On the other hand, contrastive analysis is white plagued to identify matchless language origin and connection between the languages with other languages if it does. In Robert Lados linguistic communication (1957p.2) The fundamental assumption is impartation individuals tend to transfer the forms and meanings, and the distribution of forms and meanings of their intrinsic language and culture to the foreign language and culture. I agree with Robert Lado sin ce the second language learner tends to use direct translation to make a complete sentence. However, this major power become a problem when the placement of the partitioning of speech is not the same. For lawsuit, Malaysian who use Malay language as their first language and face as their second language might have a problem in placing the adjective. This is because in Malay language, adjective is put after the noun, such asRumah yang cantikbut in English, adjective is placed before noun, for instanceA beautiful house(adj) (Noun)This whitethorn cause confusion for the second learner but if they make a sentence, it is still understandable. The degree of clarity of the sentence can be a positive transfer of negative transfer. This example is supported by Jie (2008)In the course of language learning, L1 learning habits will be transferred into L2 learning habits. thitherfore, in the fiber of L1 transfer into L2, if structures in the MT have their corresponding structures in the T L and L1 habits can be successfully used in the L2, learners would transfer similar properties successfully and that would result in positive transfer. Contrastingly, in the case of negative transfer or interference, certain elements of the MT have no corresponding counterparts in the TL, L1 habits would cause errors in the L2, and learners would transfer inappropriate properties of L1It is important to know that L2 learners be likely to apply their L1 grammatical system in L2 grammar (Smith, 1994). They would opt for L2 words those they familiar, blending them using L2 grammar to formulate a sentence. For example a Malay speaker would saySaya makan epal semalam(Pronoun) (Verb) (Noun) (Adverb)Or in EnglishYesterday, I ate the apple(Adverb) (Pronoun) (Verb) (Determiner) (Noun)If the L2 learners apply Smith argument, they would sayI ate apple yesterdayAs mentioned earlier, this statement is logical at one point but in other point, it shows that errors and transferred inappropriate pro perties those made by L2 learners are noticeable and this should apply the rule of contrastive analysis. However, this analysis has disadvantages. In Susan M. Gass and Larry Selinker words, they believe that this analysis is questioned because of the concept of difficulty as the canonic theory of the contrastive analysis is concerning the difficultness. If an error is made by a person, this shows that the person has problem in some area, not because of the native language. Thus, we cannot take on that fluency of a L2 learner in L2 is depending on the nature of L1. There are more aspects that related to this matter. There are other factors that whitethorn influence the process of acquisition such as innate principle of language, attitude, motivation, aptitude, age, other language known (M.Gass Selinker, 2008). Next, contrastive analysis cannot detect some difficulties experienced by the L2 learners. For example, Je vois les/elle/la/le . I see them/her/her/him(this give voice is n ot possible in French) (Choi, 2009).Error analysis is a lineament of linguistic analysis that focuses on the errors learners make (M.Gass Selinker, 2008). This analysis is almost the same with the weak version of contrastive analysis which is comparing the errors which made by L2 learners. However, error analysis is not evaluating the errors with L2 native language, but it compares with the target language. Error analysis provides a broader range of possible explanations than contrastive analysis for researchers/teachers to use account for errors, as the latter only attributed errors to the native language (M.Gass Selinker, 2008). I do agree with Gass and Selinker because as Corder (1967) says that by producing errors, it shows that the learners are progressing and participating.

All the Kings Men: Historys Importance :: All the Kings Men Essays

All the Kings Men Historys Importance     Throughout All the Kings Men, tale plays an important role in the motivations and lives of all the characters. Historys importance is most noniceable, not surprisingly, in the story main characters - Willie wicked and Jack clog - whose lives centering on and, in some cases, depend upon memorial and how they relate themselves to it. duration Willie inexorable views business relationship as a tool with which to manipulate large number for his own ends, an attitude resulting in his own destruction, Jack Burdens view of history changes over time and eventually allows him to accept his relationship to the past and, therefore, present. Since each(prenominal) man has such a differing view it is no wonder that history becomes important to each in different ways. Willie Stark must advocate his entire empire in a world of enemies and corruption, to do this he relies on the past to provide him with the foundation.   "Dirts a funny thing," the Boss said. " fare to think of it, there aint a thing further dirt on this Gods green globe except whats under water, and thats dirt too. Its dirt makes the make grow. A diamond aint a thing in the world but a piece of dirt that got awful hot. God-a-Mighty picked up a smattering of dirt and blew on it and made you and me and George Washington and mankind blessed in faculty and apprehension. It all depends on what you do with the dirt."1 In this case, Stark is referring to the past as dirt - something to be used in some(prenominal) ways. The way he chooses to use it of course is as blackmail " wherefore he would lean suddenly forward, at the man, and say, not slow and light-colored now, God damn you, do you know what I can do to you? And he could too. For he had the goods."2 Thus history is important to Stark as the device by which he maintains magnate.   Both Stark and Burden use history differently a ccording to the way it figures into their lives. To Stark, ultimate power being paramount, history is a thing to be used in the manipulation of others to