Report on Tesco location Essay Example for Free

Report on Tesco location Essay Introduction For the last six months I have been carrying out a thorough investigation into the suitability of a superstore in Slough. In this report I have outlined most of the key factors in this report that could contribute to the success of a superstore in Slough. Trading Estate Slough currently has the second largest trading estate in Europe, which employs over 25,000 people. Due to this there is a very high employment rate in Slough: Unemployment between 2000 2500 people (this equates to 3%) is amongst the lowest in the country. The very high employment rate in Slough means the public has a lot more spending power. This is why there is such high business activity in Slough which can only be beneficial for Tesco as they will be much more likely to get higher sales and profit. The trading estate is also reason to many people commuting into Slough regularly; Tesco could be the shop they pop into on the way home. The trading estate shows that Slough isnt a developing area rather it is a well-developed industrial area with a well-established and healthy economy, consisting of high business activity. This is one of the reasons it is a rich prosperous area, which is ideal to invest in. The Trading Estate also means that a lot of people travel into the town regularly because of the massive number of jobs available and over 32% of these jobs come from the trading estate. I believe that the number of jobs the Trading Estate currently offers is a huge benefactor to the existence of a superstore in Slough. The spending power is very high in this town and mainly due to the trading estate, there is a gap in this market in Slough and I believe Tesco should act quickly to saturate it. Ever Increasing Population Over the last 10 years the population of Slough has been increasing hugely because of interchangeable factors consisting of its closeness to London, as it is only 20 miles away. Slough Population 106600 108100 110400 112400 114500 116000 117200 117700 118600 119001 Year 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Above is a table showing the increase in population in Slough from 1992 2001. One of the main causes for this increase as mentioned before is the closeness to the capital, London. House prices are generally much cheaper in Slough in comparison to London and because of the little distance between the two areas, many people live in Slough and look to commute into London. As well the cheaper house prices, Slough also provides a much lower cost of living whereas London is one of the most expensive places to live in the world. In addition to this the commuters are also benefited by the fact that Slough has a lot of transport links including Bus Train stations as well as being next to the motorway. A highlight of the transport from Slough to London is that an Intercity train leaves every 15 minutes in the morning and it takes 20 minutes from Slough to Paddington. Furthermore due to the massive increase of population in Slough companies like Kingsow, Barrats and Redrow have developed and built over 2000 homes in Slough. This shows how Slough is still expanding and is a very good prospect to invest into. Due to these companies there has been huge developments in housing estates in Slough an example of this is Windsor Meadows which has been developed and accommodates much more families and as we, Tesco sell an everyday consumer product, this can only benefit us. The increasing population also relates to the amount of jobs currently offered by Slough. Slough currently provides 78,000 jobs The fact that Slough currently provides 78,000 jobs is astonishing and it is one of the key factors for so much people seeking residence in the town, attracting people from all over the country. I believe that the increase of the population is very positive and convincing. I am therefore led to believe that the population will further increase, increasing the necessity to many for a supermarket providing food and drink, Tesco. Competition Another favourable aspect of opening a superstore in Slough is the lack of competition in the area. The nearest competitor for Tesco is Sainsburys, which is around 3 miles away from the Tesco store, and it is very small in comparison to the Tesco store. The only other competitor in the Slough area is Asda which is around 3 miles away from the Tesco store and tucked away in a housing estate. This demonstrates the real lack of competition in the area and shows how easy it is for Tesco to take over the Slough supermarket share. As well as the lack of competition there is no real superstore in Slough or in any surrounding town for that matter, this will help Tesco to capture the public of Maidenhead, Marlow and Windsor etc. as well as the Slough public. This is another reason why a Tesco superstore would have no problem coping with any competition as there isnt another superstore for miles. Due to these two factors in competition, I can conclude that there is minimal risk of the investment into a superstore into Slough. I can also say that I would completely expect Tesco to get a brilliant return on their investment; it would help us to meet our Aims and Objectives and strive towards becoming a bigger and better company. I hope the information enclosed in this report is of use to you and I truly hope you decide to invest into such a prosperous location that can only take the company forward. If you should require any further information please do not hesitate to contact me.

The History Of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Marketing Essay

The History Of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Marketing Essay The product/service is about a universal system that is being installed in any room or house and controls all the electrical and other things in the room. These things include air conditioning system/temperature adjustment, sound system, doors and windows, lights etc. moreover these option can be altered and can be customize till specific things as per your clients requirement. The target market for the product would be mainly hospital, hotels and offices and big organizations. The target market would be sec a1 and a2 people who have high income and are educated as the product is a bit technical and requires knowledge to make it work. Moreover the system could also be installed in any specific room of the house. All that the product requires is initial setup as per customers requirement moreover further modification can be done to change the settings. The result that we expect from the launch of the product is high as such a system is not yet available anywhere in the world. Specific remotes are present that can control one or two such things but no such automated system that controls all the things automatically. As this system is unique and would be considered luxury so more and more hotel owners and big organizations would be interested to avail such a luxury product. And they would be given specific discounts if they install, in large quantities such as entire floor of a hotel or building. Moreover hospitals are another target market that we would be targeting specifically in the rooms of the patients so that they dont have to move that much, they just have to adjust the settings according to what they want and then it would be easier for them to stay. History of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation The history of Mitsubishi Electric is the history of the development of modern Japan. The company was founded in 1921, when Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Co. (now Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.) spun off a factory in Kobe, Japan that made electric motors for ocean-going vessels into a new company called Mitsubishi Electric Corporation. In that year, the new company entered the consumer sector by manufacturing and marketing an electric fan, which became a hit product. Over the next decade the company succeeded in landing major contracts, including one for the development of an electric railway substation. In the 1930s Mitsubishi Electric started manufacturing, installing and maintaining elevators and escalators as well as producing electric power generation equipment. The company continued to grow and branch out at a brisk pace, and by 1960 had emerged as one of the most innovative diversified electrical equipment manufacturers in Japan. In the early 1960s the company also turned its attention to environmentally conscious manufacturing techniques many years before environmental concern became a serious issue. Over the next two decades the company began extending its reach overseas while establishing itself as a pioneer in the development of computers, advanced air conditioning systems, automobile electronics, satellites powered by photovoltaic technology, and nuclear power generation. From 1980 to the present day, the pace at which Mitsubishi Electric has introduced and refined breakthrough technologies and products for the benefit of society, industry and individuals has been nothing less than astonishing. These technologies include the worlds first large-scale LED screen for sports arenas, the worlds largest CRT television screen for the consumer market, the worlds first spiral escalator, the worlds fastest elevators, the antenna technology behind the worlds first commercial in-flight Internet service, and much more. Today Mitsubishi Electric is a global giant, with operations in 35 countries, more than 100,000 employees, and consolidated net sales of more than US$32 billion. The Product/Business Idea The mission of the company is to design a specific luxurious product that would facilitate the prospective customers. So that they dont have to keep several remotes and keep on changing the settings of each and every thing in the room, the purpose is to facilitate them ,the advantage company has by the launch of the product is its uniqueness and large target market. The company aims to achieve large revenue from the launch of the product moreover ensuring after sales service and to make loyal customers of the product. Smart objectives The company aims to launch the product in such a way that it fulfills maximum requirements of the customers and can be easy to handle, as the product is of different kind the company has decided to make a test product and testing it for sometime so to avoid complications in the product. The current objective is to install it to some specific locations by making agreements, so that it could help to serve its customers in most beneficial way. Then after sometime launch the product to broader commercial level. Estimated sales During our testing phase we plan to install our product initially in hospital, hotels, houses offices and school according to their specification. After their approval we would install the whole product with all functions activated they want. It is a complete product according to the consumer want. We have estimated a steady growth in our sale because our product is new to the market and overall economy of the world is in recession. We have estimated about 3 pieces a day and steady increase in the number of products sold after the awareness and huge spending on the promotional activities. The economic condition in Pakistan and the product is new although it is launched by the renowned company with more than 80 year experience globally and brand name of Japan which we all know is master in these kinds of products. Product Positioning Our basic concern with positioning the product favorably in the minds of the consumers relative to the competitors. We are focusing our product Universal controller as superiority with respect of other indirect competitors. Our product is positioned by use and application. Figure shows a position of our project which is realized by investigation in the form of extensive surveys and primary research through focus interviews etc. Our product is positioned with attributes like Luxurious, Expensive and Sony also comes in this segment according to the diagram. Whereas other competitors brand such as Samsung, JVC, Nobel, Pel, Dawlence are positioned in terms of functional and traditional. Sony Haier JVC Panasonic Nobel Universal Controller Expensive Luxury Functional Traditional Pel Market Analysis Our overall market constitutes of SEC A1 and A2. Our segmentation strategy is to target niche market for such an expensive product and our first priority is to satisfy our customers by providing good quality of both goods and services and base our marketing strategies according to that. Mitsubishi Company is diversifying i.e. it is adding up a new product line which is unrelated to existing ones. Therefore Universal controller is targeted to entirely distinct segments. We have diversified as our firm seeks to be unique in its industry and market segmentation along with particular dimensions that customers value. These dimensions might pertain to quality, design, and service, variety of offerings etc. imposition of our marketing strategies under the age group of 25 years and above with higher bracket income who can afford to use the product. Main users of this product comprises of management of Companies/Hospitals, Five star hotels, Big Multinationals and corporations, Homes etc. we p lanned to have a strong and adequate distribution network channel to make it available in Urban areas because majority of high income holders live in these areas. We have also determined strategies based on behavioral influence, their attitudes. One may use the product and offer others to use same product after getting fully satisfied and act as a Reference group. Reference group is one of the important and have a great influence in consumer purchases, eventually persuade others to make a decision to purchase after getting cost-benefit analysis and evaluation of alternatives. Reason for launching this new product with its distinctive qualities are to have an competitive edge with other companies and to create value for money i.e. people should pay exactly the cost that would equate to benefits derive from consuming it. Our new product is address to completely new market and it is combination of some of the existing products which work separately so by actually realizing the preferen ces and new uses of the product, we made this product to meet demand that other fails to deliver. Universal controller is identified as a want of the customers which offer them complete control for whatever they want since it is customized and meet all their requirement related to electronic appliances such as room temperature control, time settings, Camera options with security control, automatic doors and windows, lightening etc. Competitors Analysis We will compete in electrical industry, where market operates with numerous products effecting our new product indirectly. there is no direct competition but there are many indirect competitors that are currently satisfying the needs of our proposed target such as all the operating units include air condition, systems which control lights, sensor for security alarms etc whereas each unit is matched by the frequency of one controller manually but our product is compatible with variety of appliances by matching up appropriate frequency. Our product holds advantage which is far more then the competitive advantage obtains by our competitors. The foremost effect which we might face after launching our product in the market is that other competitors would copy our idea, hence would make efforts to adopt our technology through tests and inspections by the engineers. There is a threat in case of existing new firms servicing same product and making suitable plans to capture our market share a nd profits. Initially well charge higher prices to cover our initial cost of investment as soon as possible before other firms fill up that space. Product Life Cycle Introduction Growth Maturity Decline Phase out Mitsubishis Universal Controller Other problems which might occur that charging a relatively high prices in introduction stage of our product lifecycle only early majorities would prefer to consume for their Life style who are minorities and on the other hand late majorities would wait for its popularity before consuming it when multiple of other substitutes will be available. In introduction phase of the lifecycle, there are usually high production and marketing cost, and since sales are not materialized, profits are low thus it is important to recognize the necessity of altering the marketing mix to meet these changing conditions. Product Adoption Obviously not all the customers immediately purchase the product in the introductory stage of the product lifecycle, initial purchase of Universal Controller would be undertaken by innovator and Early majorities, those who are first to buy the new product and comprises of those people who are venture some and willing to take risk. Product Improvement We have a policy of changing and alter the product within the specified period of time to make people aware on regular bases regarding the product improvement. We planned to improve and alter by changing the feature of the product, its outlay, design, packaging and so forth. The reason for such a change to attract more customers, provide them upgrade models through marketing research development and modifying into new versions. Marketing plan Marketing plan is an essential component for all businesses. All businesses that are successful have followed a plan. Their success did not happen because of luck, it happened because the success was planned. A marketing plan helps establish, coordinate, and direct marketing efforts. It forces the organization to take a good, hard look at the market of your field and what is currently happening to it. Its a time to establish marketing goals and objectives, which can be later used for benchmarking yourself. Marketing plans helps keep the organization on the right track by following the guidelines it sets. It is also critical when trying to borrow money. When an organization plans to allow you to borrow money or invest in your organization, they require to examine your business plan. The marketing plan is a critical part of the business plan. Marketing Plan Elements: Executive Summary: brief explanation of what the organization does its mission statement, the managements infrastructure, and a short summary about the marketing objectives and the proposed plan. Current Marketing Situation: provides information about the current location, the target markets, and competitors in the market. Competitor and Issue Analysis: a more detailed description about the competition. Also includes potential challenges that could arise in the future due to business issue. Marketing Objectives: where the marketing goals and financial objectives are set. Objectives should be challenging, yet attainable for the organization. Marketing Strategy: plan for meeting the marketing objectives. Incorporates the marketing mix. Action Programs: an explanation of the different tasks of the marketing strategy. What will be done? When will it be done by? Who will do it? What will it cost? Budget: A more detailed look at the cost of the proposed marketing activities. Measurements: sets levels to measure if objectives are being met. Sets timeline to meet these measurable objectives. Supportive Documents: references to support the marketing plan. Includes the marketing research report. Controls: monitoring system for the marketing plan. Monthly or quarterly checklists to insure that the plan is operating effectively. Also included contingency plans. Plans of action in the event of a crisis. It is important to regularly update marketing plan. The market changes almost by the hour. The first marketing plan you create probably will not be effective in the future. Macro Environmental Factors Affecting Our Marketing Plans Economic Condition: Economic condition is a significant force that is affecting the marketing activities of just any organization. Economic conditions are reflected in business cycle Prosperity, recession, depression and recovery. High Inflation rate affects, as less people will buy the product so good idea would be to cut cost rather than evaporate. Competition: A companys competitive environment has major influence on its marketing program. Brand Competition (Pel, Waves and Haier) Substitute Product (Automatic air conditioner, Sensor door ) General Competition Marketing Objectives Marketing objectives which derive from the corporate objectives relate to needs of the target markets as well as to specific sales goals. These may be referred to as general need satisfying objectives and specific sales target objectives. Our marketing efforts will focus on communicating that promise to our clientele. While making marketing objectives a lot of care and extensive information is required so that the objectives which are drafted fit the companys strategic plans at all levels. As marketing objectives are set as benchmark and every individual in the firm has to work for attaining the desired results. We have set some wide and important marketing objectives. Mitsubishi is a company that has been known as a consumer friendly firm for the reason that the company has always strived hard to make their customers happy. So that in return they give loyalty and long term commitment to the product as well as the company. Ultimate controller gives understanding customers need great importance and seriously work on it. If your customer is not satisfied one cannot exist in the market for long. Developing new products, as Mitsubishi enjoys goodwill and a good reputation across the world, the ability to produce new products under its banners as customers at large trust the company. Another important aim of the marketing department is to create brand awareness. Even though a company like Mitsubishi and its product do not need any introduction but to capture the crunch which other acquires it is necessary to make people know about the new product which is known as ultimate controller. Increase product awareness among the target audience. Inform target audience about features and benefits of our service and its advantages. Decrease or remove potential customers resistance to buying our product. Need satisfying objectives means shifting managements view of organization from a producer point of view to a satisfier of target market needs. In the case of Mitsubishi who promises and aims to provide top of line products in the market take help of research and test marketing in order to adjust need satisfying overall objectives. Mitsubishi is a highly financed company who believe in quality provision to the consumer rather than quantity make ads which best fit the mind frame of the target market, putting no negative effect on any individual. For the product which we have come up is designed after a intense research on different fronts in order to know what actually consumers demand and what are their preferences. After evaluating the research they come to a conclusion which is best suited to consumers. So that consumer is happy with the product, the company and remains loyal to both. Test marketing is another technique used by the company in order to judge the minds of the consume rs. The main focus of this type of marketing is, consumer are the best judge and evaluators and by getting results before launch will definitely improve many things which might go against company and product if not properly researched. Marketing Overall Strategy Letting the Customers Know us: It is a fact well known that if your marketing is strong and you are able to get public attention the chances of increased profitability are very high. Therefore marketing wing of ultimate controller department is highly financed and this department strives hard so that it puts long lasting and positive impact on companys profits. Profit is not the only aim of a company when it enters the market. Acquiring market share is essential for surviving in the market. We need to create good relations with our customers. But good relationships are built on trust. So it is natural that the customers would want to learn as much as they can about our company. In this modern age the vast majority of shoppers do their research on the  web  before making a purchase. Having a company website is a cost effective way to convey in-depth information about our product. Competitive Based On Value: Most people choose the product that provides the greatest value for their money. In a competitive market, theres price parity among the principal players. But since we are providing a product that is the first of its kind in Pakistan so we need not to cut our prices or rates, but instead we will add additional services that will elevate our offer making it too good to resist. This is called bundling. we may need to test various offers until you find a winning combination. Keep In Touch: We will be communicating with our customer database at least every four to six weeks. Use a combination of sales and marketing tactics to stay in touch, such calls, e-mail and postal mail. We will make a habit of periodically communicate with our customers for any problems they may have faced and their recommendations. We would also ask the customers to forward our product information to friends or family members who would appreciate our product and would help us to increase our customer database. We would emphasize on building strong relationship with our customers and their recommendations would be welcome. Strategies to Maintain and Expand Future Growth: We pursue a variety of growth strategies, including the following: the VI Strategy, which aims to make strong businesses stronger, the AD Strategy, which is designed to reinforce solutions centered on strong businesses; and the Global Strategy. With a wide range of products and businesses that are both competitive and enjoying growth in markets worldwide, the ultimate controller is pressing ahead with these strategies as it strives for further domestic and global success. Marketing Mix Strategies Product: The product/service is about a universal system that is being installed in any room or house and controls all the electrical and other things in the room. These things include air conditioning system/temperature adjustment, sound system, doors and windows, lights etc. moreover these option can be altered and can be limited till specific things as per your clients requirement. The product is under the strong brand name of Mitsubishi electric. Making User Manuals Easy to Understand: The ultimate controller promotes measures to create user manuals that are easy to read and understand, enabling customers to use products safely and comfortably. Our guidebook for producing user manuals forms the basis of these measures, Changes for the Better, our corporate statement, encapsulates all that we stand for and aspire to a brighter future for society, industry and everyday life through innovation. Universal Design that Provides Ease of Use: Universal controller is designed in such a way that they can be used by as many people as possible. Mitsubishi Electric works to make products that are truly easy to use and easy to live with, by assessing products in terms of whether they facilitate worry-free living, are simple and easy to understand, use displays and expressions that are easy to identify, and incorporate ergonomic We are also working consistently to develop and improve universal designs both for the way products are used and for easier installation and maintenance. After sale à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.Principle of Notification, Collecting Information, Repair and Recall of Products: In a case where there is a report that a major problem has occurred in a product that we have sold, we have a system for quickly and accurately considering and deciding on steps and measures to take, including the participation of upper management. For recalls in particular, we will work on an ongoing basis to make sure all the relevant products that were sold are returned and repaired, and we will apply these efforts to a wide array of sales channels. Price: Premium pricing: Premium pricing is the practice of keeping the price of a product or service artificially high in order to encourage favorable perceptions among buyers, based solely on the price. The practice is intended to exploit the tendency for buyers to assume that expensive items enjoy an exceptional reputation or represent exceptional quality and distinction. People think that higher price mean a superior service or product. It does not. New firms that may come into the market may provide the same quality service at lower cost. This would lead the customers to think that lower priced companies have poor customer service and a defective product. We are going to use the following two factors to enhance premium pricing: First, specialized knowledge about the service, and prove it to the customers by telling them about the impact new hardware would have on their live and guide them through the process of installation. Second, we will not hide the high price. But we will also explain the reason why the solution to their problem is too expensive, and why it would actually benefit them more in the long run. We can also gain valuable insight of our target market by testing the price before releasing that price to your whole target market. The price of our product/service would be 50,000/- if installed in a single room. Whereas special offers would be given on installation of bigger units such as one entire office or hotel floor. Moreover negations could be done on these bigger projects, by minimizing the contents of the product. it would also be favorable for the company to install on big projects as the cost of installing is less than a single room. Distribution: We would choose direct distribution channel because our product is totally new to the global market. The product is high-involvement and is not part of the regular purchase pattern. Its complex nature ensures that the customer has to be deeply involved while buying the product. Moreover, he should also evaluate all the possible alternatives. Through the direct distribution channel, we would be in a position to exercise more control over the channel. We could satisfy our customers with timely delivery and be in a position to reduce our distribution costs. Thus, meaning a reduction in the expenditures in the short and the long run. A pull selling strategy is one that requires high spending on advertising and consumer promotion to build up consumer demand for a product. If the strategy is successful, consumers will ask their retailers for the product, the retailers will ask the wholesalers, and the wholesalers will ask the producers. Push marketing is where you develop advertising and promotional strategies geared toward your marketing and distribution channels to entice them in promoting your product. But since we are marketing the product ourselves and there are no whole sellers, intermediaries or agents we cannot utilize push marketing for our product or services. Our marketing involves creating an environment encouraging sales. The promotion campaign is to be powerful enough to pull the prospects towards the product and service. The traditional hard-selling Pakistani approach calls for pushing the products towards the clients. However, in the modern business era, the pull strategy is a better bet for increasing the sales. Pull marketing attracts ideal clients to the product. The purchase decision comes voluntarily or at least there is a product inquiry by the customer which would allow us to use our other tools to capture them. Promotional: We recommend an aggressive promotional campaign for our new product. We are doing this to persuade more and more people to buy our product. In order to promote our product, we would be using both above the line and below the line activities. We would be using the following above the line activities: Advertising through television. Newspaper. Magazines. People: The essential ingredients to any service are the staff and people. It is important to recruit an educated staff and train them appropriately in the delivery of their service is essential in order to obtain to obtain a form of competitive advantage. Consumers make judgments on the product and service based on the employees they interact with. Staff will have the appropriate interpersonal skills and service knowledge to provide the service that consumers are paying for. Process: Refers to the systems used to assist the organization in delivering the service. Regular check up on the customer will allow us to know if anything is wrong automatically we can then fix it. Public relation: PR is a low-cost, high-impact way to build name recognition and early sales. With it we can reach virtually any audience, and PR often provides greater credibility than advertising. Tell a Compelling Story: Major media outlets receive hundreds, even thousands, of press releases daily. The fact that our  business  is opening isnt especially interesting. We will need to go beyond the boring news and tell a story that engages the media and our audience e.g. how will your new company benefit the community? By bringing in new jobs. Choose The Right Media: The press is a fickle creature so it is best to use a media that we know will not write a bad review about us. So our press list doesnt have to be long choosing only the media that reach our best prospects and feature editorial or advertising for the product and service we are marketing. Use Media Relations Tactics: Effective PR takes dedicated attention over time to build relationships with the media. However our initial release is just a knock at the door. For an effective media relations campaign, we will need to maintain good relations with them. Make it easier to cover us: We will have a complete press package ready to send to the media that express interest in our story. This can include anything relevant, from product spec sheets to background on your company. We will begin our PR rollout just prior to launching our company, and maintain a well-targeted media relations campaign that reaches out with enough frequency to get us noticed without angering anyone either from the press or the local community then and only then we may be sure to win positive coverage for our new business. Environmental Management and Environment-Related Business Strategies Under Environmental Vision 2021, a long-range vision for environmental management formulated in October 2007, the Mitsubishi Electric Group strives to realize a sustainable society by making positive contributions to the earth and its people through technology and action. As initiatives to help prevent global warming, we are working to reduce CO2 emissions resulting from product use by 30% compared with fiscal 2001 levels, from production by 520,000 tons, or 30% compared with fiscal 1991 levels, and from power generation. With the overarching objective to promote a recycling-based society, we are also implementing measures consistent with the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) product principle while targeting zero emissions in our manufacturing processes and the elimination of direct landfill waste. As we work to ensure harmony with nature and to foster environmental awareness, we will implement initiatives that develop personnel who think, feel and act for the environment. The Mitsubishi Electric Group is active across a wide spectrum of environment-related fields. In its efforts to help prevent global warming, the Group delivers a host of energy-saving products and services such as solar power generation systems, power devices, high-efficiency automotive equipment, energy-saving countermeasure and support equipment, energy-related building equipment, high-efficiency lighting, heat pump applications and clean energy. Education and Awareness of Human Rights The Mitsubishi Electric Group recognizes that its business operations are interrelated with a wide range of peoples and societies, and our code of conduct maintains respect for human rights. Through measures such as training of our employees on human rights issues and promotion of the employment of people with disabilities, we work earnestly to foster respect for human rights while putting programs into practice. At the same time, we have a determination to apply measures appropriate to the proper handling of contemporary issues such as sexual harassment, power harassment, security of the private information of individuals, genetic therapy, and others emerging from recent c

Laboratory Report Experiment for Jigging

Laboratory Report Experiment for Jigging 1) INTRODUCTION: Jiging is one of the specific gravity separation methods.The method separate minerals of different specific gravity by their relative movement in response to gravity. Particle size is also important in jigging.If the feed is closely sized,it is easy to get good separation with narrow specific gravity range.Jigging is suitable for the sizes between 25 mm and 75 microns for minerals and suitable for 20 cm and 0.5 cm for coal. 2) THEORY: Jig is an open tank filled with water that has screen at the top and spigot or hutch compartment at the bottom.Jig bed may have heavy coarse material(ragging material) . Jigs have screen,stroke length hutch compartment under the screen and ragging,a layer of heavy material. There are two actions at work.First one is most important one that is the effect of hindered settling.When the slurry is subjected to several pulses before it exists the tailings weir of the jig,better separation will get. After repeated pulses,particles become stratified.Heavy materials are settle at the bottom and light particles settle at the top.The other action is the effect of the water.Upward flow of water separates particles by their specific gravity. Some conditions present in jigging action are; 1) Therminal Velocity: Initially particles have an acceleration and increasing velocity.When equilibrium is achieved,particles reach their terminal velocity and they settle down at constant rate. 2) Free Settling: The sinking of particles in fluid. 3) Hindered Settling: The hindered settling conditions prevail when the proportion of solids in the pulp increases.The effect of particle crowding becomes more apparent and falling rate of particles begins to decrease.The system begins to behave as a heavy liquid whose density is that of the pulp rather than that of the carrier liquid. Mechanisms; 1) Differential Initial Acceleration: The initial acceleration is dependent only on the densities of the solid and the fluid.It is necessaryu that short jigging cycle to separate small heavy particles to light particles. 2) Consolidation Trickling: In consolidation stage,where the large particles in the bed come close to each other leaving relatively large interstices filled with draining water running down as a result of the suction part of the strike. Separation may be achieved over the screen or trough the screen in jigging. The operation parameters of jigs are; 1) Dilution: It is the amount of water.High dilution is necessary to remove large quantity of materials. 2) Screen Aperture: It must be as large as possible,consistent with feed size to minimize resistance to flow. 3) Stroke and Frequency: Stroke is moving distance of the piston and it depends on particle size.Frequency is the number of stroke per time. 4) Feed Rate and Particle Size Range: Jigs have high unit capacity and can achieve good recovery in particle size under 150 pm. 3) OBJECTIVES: -To observe the stratification process -As a function of the value of concentration criteria,observing the rate of stratification -To observe the effect of the ragging material -To observe the effects of the operating variables 4) MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT: -multi compartment piston type laboratory jig steel balls as ragging material -crushed heavy mineral with the size of -3mm +0,5mm -crushed light material wit the size of -3mm +0,5mm -chromite 5) PROCEDURE: -prepare a mixture of heavy and light minerals -fill the jig wit hutch water -add the feed -add steel balls as ragging material -start the jig and observe the stratification -empty the stratified material -collect the light product 6) DISCUSSION: a) Jigs: The methods operate by differences in specific gravity. Jigs rely on stratification in a bed of coal when the carrying water is pulsed. The shale tends to sin, and the cleaner coal rises. The basic jig, Baum Jig, is suitable for larger feed sizes. Although the Baum Jig can clean a wide range of coal sizes, it is most effective at 10-35 mm. A modification of the Baum Jig is the Batac Jig which is used for cleaning fine coals. The coal is stratified by bubbling air directly through the coal-water-refuse mixture in this cleaning unit. For intermediate sizes the same principles are applied, although the pulsing may be from the side or from under the bed. In addition, a bed or hard dense mineral is used to enhance the stratification and prevent remixing. The mineral is usually feldspar, consisting of lumps of silicates of about 60 mm size. Jigs offer cost effective technology with a clean coal yield of 75-85% at about 34% ash content. The jigs are used more frequently than dense-medium vessels because of their larger capacities and cheaper costs. b) Baum jigs and Batac jigs: i) Baum jigs: A baum jig with a screen deck comprising, in combination, a number of water cisterns each having a feed end and a discharge end and arranged in a series-paralleled system withsymmetrical air chambers opened at the bottom and located beneath the screen deck transversely to the axis of the jig, said symmetrical air chambers comprising plates as sections of a cylindrical surface, the symmetry axes of said air chambers beingdeflected from the perpendicular by an angle of 5ÂÂ ° to 15ÂÂ ° toward said feed end, said chambers having asymmetric guide vanes displaceable in a horizontal direction. ii) Batac jigs: There is one decisive difference between an BATAC jig and a Baum jig: The water current is not generated in an air chambers are intermittently supplied with compressed air by an electronically controlled valve or flap system (pulse generator) . That air is intermittently discharged from the system (at atmospheric pressure) after completion of the upward stroke. Motion is imparted to the water inside the jig as a function of the pressure generated inside the air chambers. Moreover make-up water is added at the lowest location of every jigging chamber to intensify the upward current and to dampen the downward current. The feed is stratified according to its density by the pulsating motion of the water: when preparing coal, e.g., in refuse, middlings and clean coal. The heavy fraction of the stratified raw material is sensed by floats in accordance with the product qualities required. The system provides for controlled withdrawal of the heavy fraction over a discharge device. Jigging of great width are equipped with independently operating discharge devices fitted with separate sensor and hydraulic units. This configuration ensures optimal product qualities over the entire jig width even in case of non-uniform material distribution. The parts of the batac jig: inlet refuse outlet refuse collecting hopper middlings outlet middlings collecting hopper discharge devices clean coal overflow air chambers make-up water air-distributing tabes air-distributing tank waste-air collecting tank waste-air tubes with silencers valve control system Operating parameters of jigs: The monitoring and control of jig separators is effected by monitoring the time variation within a jig cycle of at least one operating parameter of the jig, and manipulating the operating parameter(s) to produce the sought after form of the time variation within the jig cycle. Operating parameters include bed voidage, water level, particle velocity in the bed and water or air pressure. c) An example of flow sheet: In the flow sheet below, you can see the details of this jigging process as it exists on a Superior mill floor. Copper rock from the stamp enters the classifier and is directed to one of four jig sieves. These jigs work in tandem and both copper and tailings are removed during the process (the T and C in the diagram) . The middlings are then sent on to a distributor box, which sends the tailings off to one of four series of refining jigs. More copper and tailings are removed as the middlings are sent on to the wash floor. 7) RESULTS: In this experiment, we have learned the working principle of the jig, the effect of the ragging layer, the stratification process, the effect of operating parameters of jigs. Jig separate the minerals by the effect of specific gravity, and some other forces such as hindered settlings of minerals etc. and the minerals has a layer (stratification) by means of an upward water and the help of the ragging layer. In addition, there are some parameters which effect the separation. They are design parameters such as stroke and frequency and operating parameters such as feed rate and particle size range. Furthermore, if we supply a narrow size range of the minerals to be separated, we can increase the effect of specific gravity and have a good separation.

The Beginning Of Time :: essays research papers fc

The Beginning Of Time There was a period in history when the beginning of the world in which we live in was a expressed through legends and myths, now, through the use of increasingly advanced scientific equipment we can see that the universe is more vast and complex than ever imaginable. The purpose of this paper is to bring light to some of the modern beliefs regarding the origin of the universe by answering a series of questions. What are the commonly excepted theories of the evolution of the universe? What is meant by the "Big Bang Theory" and how does it work? And how our planet and solar system developed from The Big Bang? This paper will use scientific data to base the evolution of our universe around The Big Bang. At the present time there are two theories which are used to explain the creation of the universe. The first theory is the infamous Big Bang Theory, which will be detailed later. The second is the Steady State Theory. (Weinberg, 1977) The later hypothesis was created to replace the common belief that the universe was completely static. The expansion of the universe was discovered in 1929 when Edwin Hubble discovered that every galaxy in the universe was moving away from each other, this meant that the universe was expanding. Hubble found the movement of the galaxies by using a phenomenon known as the Doppler effect. This effect caused bodies moving away from an observer to have a "red-shifted" spectrum (the light spectrum of the body had been shifted closer to red) and bodies moving towards an observer to be "blue-shifted" (Hawking, 1988) The expansion was traced backwards through time to discover that all the galaxies had originated from the same point. It was later believed that all matter spawn from that "center of the universe" discovered by Hubble, by means of some sort of enigmatic portal. Matter would collect outside this singularity and form every moon, planet, and star known today. The Steady State Theory was very attractive because it featured a universe with no beginning or end. The theory meant that scientist had to abandon the laws of conservations of mass and energy. It seemed plausible that the aforementioned laws of physics could breakdown at a certain point but more and more evidence gathered against the Steady State Theory, leading to unending modifications to it. Until finally the theory was dropped completely with the discovery of the smooth microwave background radiation (radiation so ancient it had shifted right out of the visible spectrum into microwave radiation). A smooth background to the universe suggested that it was hot and uniform - the

sped2 :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a classroom teacher there will always be problems with some students. These problems can be caused by outside sources, such as family problems, or perhaps the student might have a learning disability that hasn't been brought to anyone's attention.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Students show in many ways that they are having difficulties in class. Generally, students won't come to you and ask for help when they are having a hard time. Most of these students are more withdrawn from the classroom. One telltale sign is they aren't doing their homework, and when you ask them why, they make excuses or refuse to do it altogether. Since they are not doing their homework regularly, their test and quiz grades will drop as well. These are typical warning signs that there is something not quite right.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before sending a child for formal review, there is prereferral intervention. This intervention is designed to create a solution within the classroom without having to go through the formal review process. Some students have learning and behavior problems that can be solved by modifying teaching methods in the classroom. The process of prereferral intervention has four steps. First, you need to specifically identify the problem. It is important to look for any patterns in the recurrence of the problem. If it only happens after recess/lunch, or during a certain subject matter, that can be easily solved with extra help or tutoring. Once the problem has been found, a plan involving classroom modifications can be developed to help the student. When the plans have been executed, the teacher evaluates its effectiveness. This evaluation also includes a plan in case any problems recur in the future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These classroom modifications may solve any problems your student may have. If they continue within the 6-8 week period, it is important to continue on to a formal referral using the child-study team.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The process that follows the identification of a possible disability is formal referral. Unlike prereferral intervention, you must follow IDEA guidelines for formal referrals to ensure a fair process. You have 15 days to complete your formal referral, with filling out all of the necessary forms and establishing contact with the appropriate people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Formal referral involves the collaboration of many staff members. Some of these staff members include: general educators, administrators, therapists, counselors, and special education teachers. In addition, the parents and student are also key members of this team. sped2 :: essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a classroom teacher there will always be problems with some students. These problems can be caused by outside sources, such as family problems, or perhaps the student might have a learning disability that hasn't been brought to anyone's attention.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Students show in many ways that they are having difficulties in class. Generally, students won't come to you and ask for help when they are having a hard time. Most of these students are more withdrawn from the classroom. One telltale sign is they aren't doing their homework, and when you ask them why, they make excuses or refuse to do it altogether. Since they are not doing their homework regularly, their test and quiz grades will drop as well. These are typical warning signs that there is something not quite right.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before sending a child for formal review, there is prereferral intervention. This intervention is designed to create a solution within the classroom without having to go through the formal review process. Some students have learning and behavior problems that can be solved by modifying teaching methods in the classroom. The process of prereferral intervention has four steps. First, you need to specifically identify the problem. It is important to look for any patterns in the recurrence of the problem. If it only happens after recess/lunch, or during a certain subject matter, that can be easily solved with extra help or tutoring. Once the problem has been found, a plan involving classroom modifications can be developed to help the student. When the plans have been executed, the teacher evaluates its effectiveness. This evaluation also includes a plan in case any problems recur in the future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These classroom modifications may solve any problems your student may have. If they continue within the 6-8 week period, it is important to continue on to a formal referral using the child-study team.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The process that follows the identification of a possible disability is formal referral. Unlike prereferral intervention, you must follow IDEA guidelines for formal referrals to ensure a fair process. You have 15 days to complete your formal referral, with filling out all of the necessary forms and establishing contact with the appropriate people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Formal referral involves the collaboration of many staff members. Some of these staff members include: general educators, administrators, therapists, counselors, and special education teachers. In addition, the parents and student are also key members of this team.

Cheerleading is Not a Sport Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Cheerleading is Not a Sport According to Joe Hatton, the author of the article, â€Å"Sports Beat - The sport of cheerleading: It’s more than just pompoms and smiles,† cheerleading is a sport because it requires strength, balance, and coordination. The major claim of the article is â€Å"cheerleading is a sport - plain and simple - and cheerleaders are true athletes† (Hatton C-04). The article offers the following arguments in support of the claim. Hatton claims because cheerleaders are athletes, cheerleading is a sport. Hatton also says cheerleading is a sport because of the competitive aspects. We believe cheerleading is not a sport, because not all cheerleaders compete. Most cheerleaders rarely, if ever, show athleticism. Cheerleading is an activity based on confidence and school spirit. Activities in schools such as debate clubs revolve around the trust, confidence and competition of the team members yet most people do not consider debate club a sport. In Hatton’s article, he acknowledges many people and organization do not identify cheerleading as a sport. The premier collegiate sports organization in the country, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (â€Å"NCAA†), does not recognize cheerleading as a sport (â€Å"Equal Opportunity†). Also, according to the National Federation of High School Athletic Associations, fewer than half the states in country recognize cheerleading as a sport (â€Å"NFHS†). The fact that a respected national athletic organization and a majority of states do not recognize cheerleading as a sport implies that it is viewed primarily as entertainment. We believe the arguments in the article to be unfounded and therefore view the claim that cheerleading is a sport to be untrue. There is more supp... ...leading should not be considered a sport because it is not typically undertaken in a competitive environment and its primary purpose is to lead â€Å"cheering of spectators as at a sports contest† (Dictionary.com). Works Cited Dictionary.com. Lexico Publishing Group, LLC. 2003. 9 October 2003. http://dictionary.reference.com/. â€Å"Equal Opportunity In Intercollegiate Athletics: Requirements Under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972.† U.S. Department of Education. 27 August 1997. 9 October 2003. http://classweb.gmu.edu/jkozlows/460tixa.html. Hatton, Joe. â€Å"Sports Beat - The Sport of Cheerleading: It’s a lot More than Just Pompoms and Smiles.† Providence Journal Bulletin 9 May 2003: C-04 LexisNexis CD-ROM. 13 May 2003. â€Å"NFHS.† National Federation of State High School Associations. 2003. 9 October 2003. http://www.nfhs.org/.

School Essay

7 PERIOD IF I WERE PRESIDENT ESSAY! If I were president, two of my main focuses would be reducing job cuts and going make more jobs. My first plan of action would be to reduce gas prices by not importing oil; I would drill it here in the U. S. That would slowly build us more money, meaning less job cuts. Also, we could reduce the mass production of sweets and would save money by not using factories as much, also reducing pollution in the air, which is one way to go green. Recently the company of IBM in San Francisco cut 1,500 employees.Getting fired for no reason is hard, harder than being fired for a reason. What Peter Arnett once said, â€Å"I am still in shock and awe at being fired. † This is what every one of those 1,500 employees were thinking. So, once we slowly earned enough money by keeping the candy production reduced and oil drilled in our country, we might be able to stop job cuts for good. Another act would be to raise cigarette prices. My reason for this action i s that if I did raise the price, it would give smokers yet another reason to quit smoking, lowering the death rate a little bit too.After that, I then would make marijuana legal for medical purposes, because marijuana can be healthy in certain cases, for example, if you have arthritis, it can help a bit, but it will only be legal if prescribed by your doctor, or citizens could easily use it for the wrong purposes. Also I would keep the tax level in the United States the same, because the government would need the money for the plans I would have just executed, and to keep your money balanced, similar to how wolves keep the deer population balanced.My last and final act would be trying to make peace with as many countries as I could, but at the same time still having war with the countries I haven’t made peace with. Then, with the countries I made peace with, I would trade with them goods with goods so both of us could easily get what we can’t reach. Plus, if I don†™t make peace with other countries, I would make or try to grow goods here in the US so we don’t have to import and waste time, gas, and money.While we are superpowers in the eyes of the world, I believe there are things that must be changed to reflect the fame and superiority associated with America in the international arena. If I were a president, I would strive to accomplish three major issues. To begin with, to ensure food security and better health care, second, would improve the education system of our country, third, I would ensure that our every American is secure. I have to admit that a government which is not able to feed its citizens has no reason of being in power.A healthy nation is very vital in sustainable development since a nation cannot develop when the citizen continuously suffer from different diseases. As stated above, my first task is to strive to enhance food security in my country. According to Mwaniki (‘n. d’), food security is a situa tion in which all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to adequate, safe and healthful food to meet their dietetic needs and food preferences for active strong life.Having minded the challenge it offers. There is need for targeted food security interventions, including food support in the form of direct food relief, food stamps, or indirectly through subsidized food production. Most of the farmers in the rural areas are poor and therefore cannot manage to purchase heavy machines for mechanization. As the president I strive for the introduction of Rural off farm opportunities to enable even the poorest people to engage in and provide additional food supply.This mechanism will even provide financial assistance for the farmers, processing firms to be introduced in these places. This mechanism provides alternative sources of food and change in feeding habits. Another important aspect that is needed is facilitation of market access. To achieve this, I intend to ensure good governance. This plays an integral part in implementation of this intervention. Without good governance, the strategies cannot be fully implemented due to problems for instance corruption.In essence, where there is sufficient supply of food, the nation becomes healthy hence rapid economic growth. Ensuring substantial education for all citizens is the foundation of the rationality of a particular community. A learned society is easy to govern compared to a society full of ignorant individuals. To improve our education system, I have considered the following measures; Training colleges for teachers must be restructured to more extensive teaching mechanisms. This intends to have more qualified and motivated teachers.This I intend to achieve to restore the dignity of institutions and the teaching profession. Free forum for teachers where teachers and students can exchange their ideas, experiences, and information must be adopted. This is to create a conducive atmosphere for learnin g. As the President I will give direction to execute some reforms in the curriculum and examination system. Since education should form the whole person, it should be made relevant to the lives of the citizens particularly the students.The system of education should be more pragmatic rather than being abstract and examination should not be geared towards obtaining grades and papers but towards achieving the whole personhood. Since the world is dynamic, there a need to introduce the use of information and communication technology system in our schools. This is to facilitate and enhance coordination among different departments in our schools. This requires installation of computer software as well as connectivity facilities. Lastly, everyone has a right to access to education and therefore I will ensure that no one is deprived of education.Even the minorities are to benefit fro this plans which also intends to offer free high school and college education to accommodate even the less f ortunate. Food security and health services, education and security within our borders play an integral role in sustainable development and the general welfare of the people. To eliminate ignorance in people by improving the education system from a theoretical sense to a pragmatic one will help to improve the economy of the country. I believe with my natural feeling to lead this country can drive me on towards achieving these goals