Does High School Affect Social Mobility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Does High School Affect Social Mobility - Essay Example Student mobility i.e. students moving from one school to another for reasons other than being promoted to the next school level-is common in the United States. It is a topic that repeatedly surfaces in discussions about the problems of urban schooling. Remarkably, it tends to fade from the program as discussion turns toward reform initiatives and school restructuring. Student mobility and the resulting school instability are usually relegated to a background condition a part of an external context to which schools must adjust. However, mobility's effects can be deep and wide-ranging. They penetrate the crucial activity of schools the interaction of teachers and students around learning. In addition, not only does mobility have an effect on those students who are changing schools, it also more in general disturbs the functioning of classrooms and the basic operations of schools. This is not to say that just reducing student mobility will unavoidably translate into school improvement. Stable schools can also provide bad quality instruction to their students. Stability, in contrast, provides a base condition on which a school can build and transform successful programs. Without a certain level of stability, it is in doubt how school -based educational programs, no matter how modern, could effectively develop and show long-term impact. Mobility is an occurrence that is strongly deep-seated in the urban context and in urban schools. Accordingly, no one-policy approach alone is likely to reduce its prevalence and to improve its effects. The analyses suggest that an array of policy issues merit consideration. Discussions should focus on two levels: policies that can assist in decreasing the level of mobility between schools, and initiatives that can assess the negative impact of student mobility on learning and support school improvement efforts more generally. Over their whole elementary and secondary careers, most students make at least one non-promotional school change (Rumberger et al., 1999). Many educators think that student mobility is a definite result of students changing residences. In actual fact, 2000 U.S. census data show that 15% to 18% of school-age children moved in the previous year. There have also been indications that welfare reform may affect moving, with parents moving to accept jobs. On the other hand, research has also found that between 30% and 40% of school changes are not related with residential changes (Kerbow, 147-169; Rumberger et al., 1999). School factors such as overcrowding, class size reduction, suspension and expulsion policies, and the general academic and social climate also contribute to student mobility. The increase of parental options included in the No Child Left Behind legislation may also contribute over time to increased mobility. Impact on Students Academic Growth: A Literature Review The existing studies of the effect of student mobility on achievement tend to point out that a general decline in achievement is associated with mobility (Benson, Haycraft, Stayaert, & Weigel, 444-47; Benson & Weigel, 15-19; Blane et al, 127-42; Felner et al., 449-59; Johnson & Lindblad, 547-52; Schuler, 17-24; Wood et al., 1334-1338). The

The Fiscal and Monetary Policy and Economic Fluctuations Essay - 1

The Fiscal and Monetary Policy and Economic Fluctuations - Essay Example Interest rates: The benchmark interest rate in the United States was last recorded at 0.25 percent Trading Economics (2013). It was more than 4% in the beginning of 2008, but settled at 0.25% at the year end. Since then, there has been hardly any change in the bank interest rate throughout the period of five years. (Annexure – I) Inflation: It could be observed from the data relating to ‘Inflation in US based on Consumer Price Index’ that inflation was at its peak in October 2008 at 3.655% and at 0.964% in October 2013. Inflation in US based on Consumer Price Index Year Rate of inflation October 2013 0.964 % October 2012 2.162 % October 2011 3.525 % October 2010 1.172 % October 2009 -0.183 % October 2008 3,655 % Source: globalrates.com (2013) Employment: Unemployment rate was at 6.5 in October 2008 reached its peak at 10 in October 2009 and is currently at 7.3% in October 2013. (Annexure – II) What is the nature of the changes and what are the reasons for t he changes? It could be observed that all the indices were at its peak in 2008 around this time, that is five years before. Interest rate: Reduction in interest rates propelled consumption, consequently demand for the products. Maintaining interest rates at the constant level had its positive impact by keeping inflation under control as well as unemployment, because any increase in interest rates would have fueled inflation which could in turn affect employment negatively due to decrease in demand. Inflation: Inflation would be still under control when the economy recovers from high level of unemployment till full production potential is exploited in the economy. Inflation has become negative due to high unemployment noticed in 2009, but inched up subsequently as the economy grew and the unemployment situation eased. However, there is considerable improvement in the inflation front in the recent years due to effective monetary policies pursued by Federal Reserve, and it is expected to stabilize around the current levels. Unemployment rate: Increase in demand resulted in increase in production. This has created new demand for labor. The unemployment rate has started coming down from the beginning of 2011. What are the strategies based on fiscal and monetary policies that will encourage people to spend money in order to create economic growth? Fiscal policy: Government spending at the time of economic slowdown will increase employment. Multiplier effect will set in due to creation of employment opportunities in the economy, since it increases consumption potential of the people. The increase in aggregate demand caused in the process will attract new investments and thus create further employment opportunities. This cycle continues if the monetary policies are effective in avoiding overheating of the economy. Another important tool in fiscal policy of the government is taxation. For example, by lowering taxes money supply in the economy is increased. Lowering tax es along with or without increase in government spending will therefore be essential for revival of the economy, especially during recessions. Both government spending and taxation, the most important fiscal tools, will have long term impact on the economy. Decrease in government spending and reduction in tax rates could be more effective to avoid overheating in an economy. However, factors like huge accumulated budget deficits and precarious balance of payments position may

Race and Native American Essay Example for Free

Race and Native American Essay Identify and briefly explain the dimensions by referencing both textbooks. Some of the different primary dimensions of diversity include age, gender, mental and physical abilities, race, ethnic heritage, and sexual orientation. These are primary due to the fact that they are more fixed, visible, and relevant to an identity. For example, a male in his mid-thirties are all primary dimensions. There are also secondary dimensions such as geographic location, military/work experience, family status, income, religion, language, education, communication, and work style. For example, a male in his thirties who plays piano while drinking apple cider for a hobby would be secondary. As we learned in class the difference between these are easily remembered by thinking visible and invisible. At first glance one would be able to guess age and gender, however the secondary dimensions are wide and welcome judgments to a closed mind. ?With what ethnic, cultural, or other groups do you identify? Describe what members of your social circle have in common. My ethnic background is Native American and Portuguese. On my mother’s side of the family I get the Native American. Our tribe is the Karok tribe. Its origins are Northern California. I am not registered; however I get bit and pieces from my mom sometimes. She tells me that I am an 8th Native American. This if I am not mistaken is enough to qualify for the federal benefits for health care and school funds. I have just not done the footwork to find out. This leads me into the second piece of the question. I am not a part of this social circle and I cannot answer what we all have in common other than the physical appearance. Generally, we all have dark hair and olive skin tone, and also having brown or hazel eyes. I notice from the members of my family that the woman age very well. Not so much the men. Inclusion is described as an addition. For example relative to thus class, an African American child being adopted by a Hispanic family and ten years later the African American child adapting to the rituals and cultural expectations if the Hispanic culture. This word can pertain to a wide variety of situations. Another example would be a defect in a precious stone such as a ruby or diamond. ?What is the difference between diversity and inclusion? Idictonary defines diversity as a noun meaning the condition of having or being composed of differing elements; variety. ?What is the importance of workplace diversity training? ?What is your experience with workplace culture? Could there be, or could there have been, more inclusion?

Academic Performance of International Students Problems

Academic Performance of International Students Problems Gaw, K. F. (2000). Reverse culture shock in students returning from overseas. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 24(1), 83-104. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.rit.edu/docview/57515934?accountid=108 Personal and academic challenges faced by the international student in Australia Abstract: This research study aims to determine the problems faced by an international student resulting in poor academic performances and also some of the factors that are responsible for the weakness in their study of Kings own Institute (KOI) Sydney. Being new to the abroad learning experiences,students certainly will face many challenges interms of their academic and personal life. Therefore,it will try to identify the problems behind the failures,which not only reduce their grades, but also creates problems in their personal and economic life too. The purpose of this study is to understand the learning experience of international students in this new learning environment. New culture, differences in the learning style, not knowing the proper ways of doing the class assignments,difficulties on managing the job schedule and management of class,difficulties in discourse, the difficulties on language problem further creates a difficulty of adjustment in the new environment. International stud ents from different countries at KOI makes valuable contribution of cultural and language diversity,but at the same time it creates cultural and language differences among student to another student and student with the lecturer and other staff member of the KOI. When student encounter new environment with unfamiliar face,certainly they feel awkward and shy to ask anything or anyone for help which further becomes problematic for them. Hence; the research will look at how things from the new environment are perceived by international students. The consequences of the research will not only be in finding the problems and its causes but also in finding the proper and positive ways to improve and resolve the existing problems and to lessen them somehow by finding out the causes behind the issue. What are the major issues that international students have to face? When they are newcomers in Australia will be the focus question for research. The significance of the study will benefit both the staff member and the future international students who will encounter similar problems at an early phase of starting new abroad experience away from their home. These issues and problems can help the department of KOI to try for more progressive ways to help out and solve the issues of students who are totally lost and confused. Qualitative research method was used for this research project where face to face interviews to try to understand the issues was conducted with the participants. Five international student from different nationality were taken as the respondent for the research interview and questions. Even though the research has its own significance,scope,aims and objectives,the research had some limitation which was unavoided. Because of the limited time and few respondents . The study would have been more authentic if larger group of people from diverse background and disciplines were interviewed to explore more things and see the comparability. The findings of the study showed other challenges apart from language barrier ranging from time management,adopting the Australian culture,the proper ways of doing the assignment without plaigairism and proper referencing of the source,accommodation,social isolation,and financial complication. In addition,the interview question with the international students highlighted how educational workshops,help from friend and colleagues,and individual study improved their difficulties and challenges and turn into a better experience of the new learning environment. All in all, the study will try to understand the views and the opinions of the various participants and try to resolve the issues by comparing and contrasting the problems faced by each participant and also will look at the experiences of the students on their journey of being an overseas student in a different country with different ways of learning. KEYWORDS: Determine, consequences, conducted, resolve, qualitative method, contrasting. The research problem: Studying aboard is a challenging thing for students interms of being able to adjust in every thing that will make things difficult in a new learning environment. The basic purpose of this research will be to seek out the various factors that cause problems for leading to academic failures and also in personal life at Kings Own Institute, Sydney. This research aims to investigate the factors that cause stressful situations for students resulting in poor academic performance and various other issues affecting their lives adversely. Most of the international students are from a second language background, which does not include learning in their first language. Even though they have to take some proficiency test (IELTS) in order to meet the entry criteria to the University and campus, they will have a hard time accessing the resources and also in understanding the lectures because of the new information in the new language too. The main complication faced by the international students is regarded with language and skills needed for academic reading and writing. (Ballard, B. Clanchy, J. (1997). Even though, language difficulties appears to be a problem for many international students,research has shown that mixture of academic experiences,expectations and differences in the learning and teaching practices also creates problem for them. (Ames, 1996; Bilbow, 1989). At a social level, the sense of loneliness, cultural shock, the necessity to find work, managing the class timetable and work schedule at the same time make them feel more isolated and frustrated in the early months. All of these problems are combined with the study and students also have to pass the demand of KOI to remain in the college here as mentioned in their visa status. The danger of failing the KOI subjects brings additional and heavy stress on students as this also decides their permission to stay in Australia too. There are many benefits offered by KOI at academic and social level but students are sometimes too occupied to benefit from these program and as a result,they fall behind their studies. Therefore, the scope of this research will be limited to International students at KOI who will be from non-English background countries, who will be both from the Bachelors as well as Masters strands. If the existing problems are not identified and resolved, then, it may lessen the motivation for the students to move ahead in their life and may cause long-term effects. Background: Australia is regarded as one of the most popular destinations for studying, especially for international students. Educational institutions are of high quality and so regarded around the world. Enrolment for higher studies has increased considerably in recent years. Universal understudies pick Australia for the Australian instruction encounter on offer and for the all around perceived, excellent capabilities. The chance to coordinate with a different scope of residential and universal understudies improves this experience. Australian organizations are additionally looking to widen and expand their understudy populace by creating solid associations and coordinated efforts with establishments abroad and encouraging the development of understudy trade through these organizations. Global understudies, aside from their prompt review pathways, set their sights on their future vocation ways, regardless of whether that is at home, in Australia or a third nation. The entrance to work is an ex ceptionally important resource in pulling in understudies to Australia, particularly in connection to contender nations, for example, the United Kingdom and United States(Australia,Educating globally advice from international education advisory council, p-50-58) Acceptance and demand for Internationalization and Globalization of the world have increased the flow of students from different parts of the world to Australia. The world is going thorug numerous changes in the field of science,technology,media and medicine which is revolutionisng the field of education too. ( NorzainiAzman, Yang Farina Abd. Aziz,2006) . Striving for better opportunities and dreams of a better life has always attracted overseas students to come to Australia. Multiculturalism and biodiversity among the people have further led overseas students to be positive about this country too. International students have always made a positive contribution to their Universities, or college. The flow of cultural diversity and exchange, the increment of financial revenue for the colleges through payment from tuition fees by international students and the cost of living expenses has further had ensured warm welcome for international students in various universities and educational institutes across Australia. Source:  Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Student visa program,Accessed on 18th January,2017,Retrieved from Australian social trends December 2011(ABS) The above graph clearly shows the variation and origin of students in Australia from various backgrounds because of which, all students both native and non-native have developed sensitivity to other students as a result of dealing with students from different backgrounds too. Having students from overseas have always made a positive contribution in Australia. Australia has always been regarded as a developed country in terms of providing facilities to the people in various fields. Employment, education, and the technological field have always been focused on and achieve success in various important fields and given opportunities to the people too. Renowned universities and colleges are found in Australia which provides the best education both practically and theoretically. International students have to deal with many problems. Differences in the education system compared to their home country makes it more confusing for them while doing the assignments and not knowing the accepted way to solve their problems too. Knowledge about the library resources ,proper style of referencing and formats are very necessary for students but they lack such skills which creates further problem for them. (Martin Zimerman, (2012),pp. 290 299). The important part for academic writing is to acknowledge the concerned sources, hence, not knowing the right way to reference the text and sources makes them more confused ,which in a way must be solved by seeking out help form the instructors who can help in summarizing the complex text through academic style. Furthermore, the Instructors can also arrange workshops appropriate for tutoring (Rebecca Moore Howard, p-799-781) Ways of performing their work and carrying it out have to followthe accepted method of the country in which they are working. The language barrier is another factor that makes it difficult for them understand the lectures being given because of their lecturers accent they are not familiar with. Students pretend to understand the lessons in order to be equal to the native speakers because of the limited language proficiency. When students are new to the learning environment they are unfamiliar with the people and the context of the study which makes them shyand introvertwhich makes them worried and tense during social interactions(Australian psychological association,2012) A Better Education determines a better future for the student. Education shapes the students present career and makes them ready for future opportunities so that they can sustain their living and have a better life. Therefore, it is required to address the personal and academic challenges faced by international students and find a possible solution to resolve those issues too. Not only students but the concerned and responsible organization should also show some interest in solving the issues faced by the students in order to help them progress in a more organizedway. Universities and colleges should also organize a workshop program where the international students can be a part of it and be familiar with Study Materials such as the library and make-up classes and extra language and also with other fellow classmates and also with the languages being used for the interaction. The arrangement of the cultural and recreational activities by the Educational institutes can develop a sense of group understanding among other students. Assisting students with clear guidelines required for the assignment, and helping them by providing the sample answers can make them do their assignment better. For the language barriers to be overcome, educational institutions must organize English Development Classes every week (like the ones existing at KOI) in order to be familiar with the various accents (lectures delivered in English), vocabulary, and words. This way, students can understand the topic being discussed in the class and contribute to their conversation being taught in the class too. Universities and colleges should be willing to assist the students socially, culturally and academically. Proper guidance from the teachers, Universities staffs, head of the Faculty members, and a support from their fellow classmates can surely make students lessen their problem regarding the assignment problems, language barriers and other related issues faced by the students. Better and mutual understanding among the teachers and the students will develop the sense of communication, which will help in notifying the issues being raised, existed and the ways to solve those problems in an effic ient and effective way too. Ethical consideration: Being ethical means that your project does not bring harm or disadvantage to anyone who takes part, including yourself-(Lambert, M. 2012). Carrying out an ethical research means to involve the collection of the information and data from people without any intention of harming them and putting them at risk. Therefore the researcher has to conduct the research in an ethical way. Research needs to be undertaken under the Legal frameworks and regulation which must be followed as per the rules and regulations of the concerned institutions. The research project needs to have a detailed plan of the research for the approval to prove the relevance of the research in order to start a research. After that, there needs to be approval from the participants too. Participants of the research have every right to know about the subject matter and need to agree before starting the research. The researcher needs to get approval from the participant and also should provide a consent form. The main aim of the research will be to find a reasonable solution rather than being used for the personal benefit of the researcher. Therefore some of the other factors to be followed during the research process are: Honesty: The researcher should be honest about the information given by the informants and try not to misinterpret or misrepresent it. It should be recorded in the way it is. The researcher should also avoid mis-leading the participants inorderto get an honest answers from them. . So, the researcher needs to be clear in front of the participants about the research and the processes involved in tithe participants of the researcher should be made very clear about the purposes of the study, and also about the methods being used while conducting the research Objectivity: The researcher should be neutral and should avoid biasness interms of sex,race and ethnicity. Prevention of harm and risks, honest and truth, Privacy, confidentiality, anonymity intervention are some of the things to be kept in mind before and during the research. The researcher should avoid bias between the participants too. Confidentiality: The researcher should protect the confidential information and the recorded data given by the informants. Personalinformations and secrets shared by them should not be disclosed and should be kept confidential. Anonymity: In some case the informants are not willing to share their name and contact details. Therefore their anonymity should alswyas be respected and protected making sure that it is not disclosed anywhere. Anonymity of individuals and organisations also has to be maintained(Bryman Alan and Emma Bell,2007) Legality: The researcher should follow and obey the rules and regulations thats needs to be followed without any intention of harming or causing problem to anyone. Survey of Literature: The literature review will look at the research that has been done in the past and published by various authors on the subject matter and the solution for resolving the issues for the challenges faced by an international student for the backwardness in their study and poor performances making their life more stressful. Some of the literature review on the regarded subject matter is mentioned below; Loneliness and international students an Australian study,2008, Journal of studies in international education. United States: Sage Publications, Inc. , 2008. Vol. 12, no. 2 (Summer 2008), p. 148-180. In a study of international student security, consisting of 200 intensive interviews with students, resident onshore in Australia, it was found that two-thirds of the group had experienced problems of loneliness and/or isolation, especially in the early months where students feel more lonely because of having no friends at all and also because of the loss of regular contact with their families, relatives, and friends. According to Higher Education Research Development, Volume 10, Issue 1, 1991, Overseas students bring to Australia a very different cultural, social and intellectual experience from that which awaits them. Reviews of previous studies suggest that their beliefs, values, and attitudes to knowledge, to styles of learning and study, can lead to study shock. A questionnaire survey of a sample of 133 first year overseas students mainly from Singapore, Malaysia and Hong Kong, most of whom were studying for a Bachelor of Business degree, and 76 Australian-born first year students mainly of British and European origin from the same classes, showed that compared to local students the overseas group had significantly greater difficulties adjusting to academic requirements, particularly with regard to managing the demands of study, specifically study methods, independent learning, language skills, participation and time management. Danny Ong, 2009, A UNSW press book, The international students handbook, Living and studying in Australia. The last two decades have seen a second wave statistics of international students coming to Australian Universities. The enormous growth in the number of such students is unequaled around the world. The majority of these students have very positive experiences and surveys generally show a high level of satisfaction. However, many hazards await students, and the Universities and the relevant government have shown a varying ability to address these optimally. Issues such as finding suitable accommodation, health care including a mental health care, homesickness, the costs of living and travel, and the safety of the students are all significant concerns. Andrade, Maureen Snow, (2006) writes, International students in institutions of higher education in English-speaking countries make valuable educational and economic contributions. For these benefits to continue, universities must become more knowledgeable about the adjustment issues these students face and implement appropriate support services. This review identifies factors that influence the adjustment and academic achievement of international students. Adjustment challenges are primarily attributable to English language proficiency and culture. Achievement is affected by English proficiency, academic skills, and educational background. Understanding international student adjustment issues has global implications for intercultural education too. Learning at University: The International Student Experience, Meeri Hellsten and Anne Prescott,  volume 5, no. 3, 2004, International Education Journal: The The journal explains how lack of communication between students and teahers adversely affect the students learning. The stereotype of Asian background students of being slow,and passive infornt of their colleagues and teacher makes them feel like they cant contribute in class discussion because of the inferiority of making mistakes. Yes. Um they [teachers] think its a job. They ask something. We say nothing cause we wanna say but (inaudible) shy. And Im afraid sometimes Ill make a mistake. The above statement from one of the student from the journal mentioned how assumption of an individual can create problems for communicating and also in learning process. The journal also stated how leaving away from family,friends and relatives is an awful experience for younger international students interms of acculturations,adaptation to the new learning environment,and communication problem which lacks support from the teaching staff too. The findings from the study in the journal mentioned the busy schedules of the teaching staff because of which even the students wanted help from the teacher,the student was unable to get any support to solve the issue. Aims and objectives of the Research: The international students come to Australia with the aim of studying and getting a qualification which will lead them to a better life in Australia or other English speaking countries. The aim is to become proficient in English and live possibly in English speaking countries. This is one of the pressures on the students as their parents are pressurizing them . Thats an external challenge but there are numerous challenges arising during their study and stay in Australia. The students not only have to be aware of the program but at social level and academic level the students have to be aware of how they use their English on different profession, socialpeople,academic reading and writing. This review expects to give keen data furthermore, direction not just for ebb and flow and future universal research understudies in Australian colleges, additionally for different instructive administrations and significant government organizations to give more successful support to them (Joanne sin Wei Yeoh,University of Tasmania,pg-1) The social challenges are cultural, in that Australia has very different culture part of which is based on English culture and but part of it now is based on mixed race background of the many other country people who live in Australia. For example; as stated by the (Australian bureau statistics ABS, 2012), the second most spoken language in Australia is Mandarin (1. 6per cent), Italian (1. 4 per cent) and Arabic (1. 3 per cent) respectively. There are many Chinese; there are many Italian and many Arabic and people from all over the world. Andtherefore, there are different cultural habits, and attitudes with which the student must become familiar and must learn not to object to the practices of other people. Thats a very difficult thing for some people. Therefore, the research will look at some of the issues and the questions, which will help for getting more informations. How the international students cope with various challenges occurring in the new learning environment? As a part of the social challenge, there is the food, much of which can be very different to their home country and then there is the behavior of people that are regarded a bad mannered, not standing back for other people or for women. For example in Australia, walking on the left is important, especially in the crowded areas. These are all the things to which students have to get used. But, intellectual or mental problems are also considerably important. The education in Australia is of much more personally oriented rather than group oriented. In that its aimed at individuals and therefore, in that one has to learn virtually twolanguages. One is the language of social interaction and one is the language of professional interaction and the vocabularies of each of those are very important. The research basically aims to evaluate the different factors behind the poor academic performance of the international students of KOI and its effects on their personal life which challenges their stay in Australia. The objectives of the research will be to identify the various challenges faced by the students of KOI and try to find effective solutions and accomplish the aim of resolving those issues and problems in order to make it easier for them to tackle such problems in an easy way. How will they try to understand the different methods of learning? The method of learning in Australia is very much the personal responsibility of the student and they have to get involved in learning as a person not as a member of a group. They have to individualize their learning because the learning that they were doing is the learning so that the person can cope in the society. So, they must as said above have two different vocabularies for personal interaction and the vocabulary language needed for academic interaction. These two languages are very important and are too often neglected by incomers to the society in Australia. The Personal interaction and personal vocabulary for one on one conversation is regarded as extremely important in Australia. The ability to get on with other people in on one on one talk is very important. Inbusiness or in professions there are specific vocabularies and there is almost a specific grammar and this has to be learned by practice. So, in school or for the new comers they have to learn, how to get on with people they dont know and thats important. What are the disadvantages and advantages of being a Non-Native speaker at KOI? Firstly the language used in class is English and the language used by the lecturers and teachers is also English and may be of a kind of English that is different to what you learned because while the lecturers are English speakers, many of them are from non-English speaking cultures. So, some of them would make a difference. The disadvantage also is that the learning of vocabulary learned is specific and one has to learn all the words that deal with that language and in order to get control of the vocabulary needed to cope with that particular profession. Are there a advantage of being a non-native speaker, there are some, in that everyone at KOI, there are many different language background and therefore everyone is forced to speak a clear version of the English language and they are expected to deal with students being aware of that kind of problem and how you use the English at different sector socially, professionally and academically. Research Design: This research study will use a qualitative approach. This methodology will have great role as regard to researcher as they will be involved in every steps taken before and during the research process, planning and reporting. Qualitative approach helps for doing the social issues as there is an active participation and interaction both between the researchers and the individuals involved in it. Thematizing(What is going to be studied), how the research should be designed,How the interviews will be conducted and recorded, are some of the key points to be followed during the process of research based on qualitative research. Here, qualitative researcher must be personally involved in every research process as researcher is the final person to decide what must be included in that particular subject of research. (Anne Sofia Fink, 2000). Interviews have a moral issues; they concern interpersonal exchange of information resulting data about the human personal life and condition. Maintainingconfidentiality,informed consent and secrecy is problematic issue to handle during the data collection from this methodology. The qualitative method will help us get the information through in-depth interviews of the related focus group. It is at this point that the information from the focused group is emphasized. Center gatherings are thought up settings, uniting a particularly picked area of the populace to examine a specific given topic or subject, where the connection with the assemble prompts to information and results. Theresearch will be reliable only if the research question is carried out in similar group of respondents in similar context to get similar results(pg-284-290,Louis cohen,Lawrencemanion and Keith morrission). Since the focused group is normally at the undergraduate level and post-graduate level (dependin g on the countries they are originated from), the participants will be limited and would randomly be selected as its not possible to include every one of them. Students ranging from 4-7will be included from diverse subject background and nation. Interview with several respondents and questions of same topic increases comparability which reduces bias among the participant and their opinon about the topic. (p-355,6th edition,Louis cohen,Lawrencemanion and Keith morrission) Quantitative research is based on numbers and statistics but Qualitative research is not related to the numeric data and  information so everything needs to be recorded as the methodology seek to collect information about a small  number of respondents (Saunders, Lewis, Thornhill, 2009). Recordings from audio will be taken with the approval of the participants in order to study the tone and their way of expression. Everything must be recorded and analyzed in order to include all information and not to miss out on any information provided by the participants. As mentioned above, Interview was taken among students which included the following question: 1. What were the major difficulties you faced while you were new in Australia? 2. What measures did you take to resolve those challenges? 3. What were your expectations before applying and coming to Australia? 4. What were the differences you found in terms of culture between Australia and your home country? 5. What did you do to cope up with following things? Differences in culture Homesickness Job schedules and class management Assignment stress And language problem References: American Psychological Association. (2012). Shyness. Retrieved on January 31st 2017, from http: //www. apa. org/topics/shyness/index. aspx Andrade, Maureen Snow. International students in English-speaking universities Adjustment factors. Journal of Research in International Education 5. 2 (2006): 131-154. Ames, M. (1996). Oxford Brookes: The international student experience. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University.

Charles H. Keating :: essays research papers

Charles H. Keating Jr. has been the focus of criminal investigations by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Internal Revenue Service, the Justice Department, The Securities and Exchange Commission, and the House Banking Committee for a six-year shadow of the nation’s biggest savings-and loan debacle. The federal government proclaims that he fraudulently managed California’s Lincoln Savings into its closure, and in the process profited for himself and his family an estimated thirty-four million dollars. Consequently, taxpayers may suffer a loss of two billion dollars. The federal government is suing Keating, his family and associates for one billion dollars. Despite Keating’s denial to the charges, evidence proves that his misconduct began since the early 1980s. Shockingly, Charles Keating worked for an extended amount of time without being investigated or caught. Keating did not have a very credible background, which should have led to some suspicion. About a decade ago, many incidents should have foreshadowed Keating’s malicious intentions. At that point Keating was under the leadership of Carl Lindner at American Financial Corp., a city conglomerate with interests in insurance and banking. In 1979 SEC, better known as the Security & Exchange Commission, cited Keating and other officials of the American Exchange Commission for failure to reveal particular loan transactions with their employer. Keating, a national championship swimmer, attended the University of Cincinnati on an athletic scholarship and continued in law school. Along with help from his brother, Charles Keating founded the prominent Cincinnati law firm of Keating, Muething and Klekamp. In 1972 Keating abandoned the profession of law, turning to work for the publicity-shy multimillionaire Carl Linder. Lindner served as a guide and mentor in the life of Mr. Keating. Many similarities can be traced between the business style of these two men; preeminently they both built their empires on savings and loans.1 Charles Keating exceeded Mr. Lindner’s expectations, which persuaded Mr. Lindner to extend an offer to the forty-eight year-old lawyer a position with American Financial in 1972 as the executive vice-president. Under Lindner’s supervision at American Financial in the mid-1970’s, Keating found a resourceful strategy to raise money from the public without the interference of the Wall Street underwriters. The success of this strategy resulted from sharp decline in profits that Lindner’s company was experiencing. Keating’s success revolved around him raising fifty million dollars for American Financial from the public without using an underwriting syndicate.

What it Was and What it Is :: Anglo Saxon Women Essays

What it Was and What it Is Anglo-Saxon women did not have many roles, but the few that they had were important and had an influence on their families. In the Anglo-Saxon culture women were seen and considered as less important than men because men are the stronger ones, the leaders, the fighters or warriors, the heroes!!! During this time period women were not acknowledged by society. Their role was to stay home and take care of their related responsibilities, as well as their children. Women had no major role in the decision-making because the men, being either the father or the husband, were the ones to make the decisions for the women. However, women were taken into consideration and valued when their marriages were arranged to promote the physical or economic well-being of their family and tribe. In Anglo-Saxon culture women were at times engaged in marriage to a family that would bring forth fortune and wealth. At other times, a family would marry a daughter to an enemy family in order to secure peace or safety and wealth among the joined families. In such a role, women in Anglo-Saxon culture were referred to as the â€Å"one who weaves peace,† making them known as â€Å"peace weavers.† We can see an example of this in Beowulf, when Hildeburgh, a daughter of the former Danish king, is married to Finn, who was king of the Jutes. Because the Danes and the Jutes are enemies, Hildeburgh has to witness the burial of her son and brother who are killed fighting on either side of the feud. Although women did not have much influence as men did, they had a lot of influence on the family-related issues. One example may be found in Beowulf, in the character Wealhtheow. Wealhtheow is the wife of Hrothgar. She is portrayed as aware of the politics of the court and cautious for the well-being of her family. In Beowulf, she foreshadows some events that later happen to her family. An example of such an instance would be when she foreshadows the fall of the Great Hall caused by her family. We know this when she says, â€Å"Here is each earl true to other, mild of heart, loyal to his lord; the thanes are at one, the people obedient, the retainers cheered with drink do as I bid† (Donaldson, p 22 Beowulf). Anglo-Saxon women had the responsibility of seeing over their children.

How Tim O’Brien Shows the Negative Side of Vietnam Essay

In Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried, O’Brien talks about all the parts of the Vietnam War. It shows all the horrors and negative sides of the war and what it can do to men. Many men lose their lives as well as their best friends and comrades. War also changes the soldiers into something else that’s not themselves, something evil. The Things They Carried shows the negative side of war through the imagery of the shitfield, the mental affects of the war, the hatred that can be shown by each person, the way war changes people, and the loss of companions. In the shitfield one sees everything that is bad about the war. It’s dirty and mucky and it’s just depressing all around. While in the field the soldiers are bombarded my artillery fire so they have to sink into the muck to hide themselves. One of the soldiers, Kiowa, gets hit with one of the shells. Norman Bowker tries to pull him out of the muck but he cannot. All the men try to pull him out but they cannot. They lose a friend in Kiowa, who is lost and buried in the field, and it scars all the men for life especially when they try to pull him out of the muck. The loss of a good friend stings for O’Brien. O’Brien even says that he went down with Kiowa that day and he lost a part of himself in that field. Everyone lost a part of themselves there. O’Brien describes what he saw of Kiowa as he was going down under the muck. â€Å"Kiowa was almost completely under. There was a knee. There was an arm and a gold wristwatch and part of a boot†¦. There were bubbles where Kiowa’s head should’ve been† (O’Brien 168). O’Brien going down with Kiowa shows that there are other negative effects such as mental ones. The mental effects of the war are also very negative in The Things They Carried. War messes with people’s heads and Tim O’Brien shows it in his book. â€Å"I couldn’t sleep; I couldn’t lie still† (Chen 77). This is a cause of all the blood and gore the soldier has seen. And this doesn’t just speak for the one soldier who said it, it speaks for all the soldiers. The first stage is not being able to sleep, the next stage is losing your composure. Then men start to become paranoid during the war and some go crazy. Rat Kiley is a good example of this. He is a medic and he starts to go crazy. He says he hears noises in the night that aren’t there. He says that he hears the voices of the people dying at night. O’Brien thinks its from all the gore and blood he sees day in and day out and its just getting to him but either way he loses it. Rat tells someone he is going to shoot himself so he can get out of there because of an injury. â€Å"The next morning he shot himself† (O’Brien 223). Rat Kiley’s plan works and he gets to leave, but he apologizes to all the men for losing it and in turn they don’t rat him out for what he did. Not only does the war mess with people’s heads during the war but also at other times. The mental effects also extend to after the war. The awful memories of war stick with some of the men long after they return home from the war. The post war stress is too much for Norman Bowker. He finds that when he returns home that it’s not the same to him and he cannot find his place in society. He feels empty inside and ever since the shitfield he feels incomplete. The lingering memory of not being able to pull Kiowa out of the muck sticks with him. He feels that he died there with Kiowa and this causes him to be depressed. He often talks about it with his dad saying that he wishes he could have pulled harder to get Kiowa out but he just couldn’t because of the smell. Norman wrote Tim O’Brien a letter about his last book. He said it was very good book but that he should have put a chapter in about the shitfield. O’Brien finds out that eight months later Norman killed himself. Normans writes O’Brien a letter saying there was no letter and he hung himself with a jump rope. Tim O’Brien kills a man while he’s in Vietnam. He still feels the effects of killing the man and the guilt years later. He remembers it very well when his daughter asks him a question. The question was if he had ever killed someone. â€Å"O’Brien’s guilt over the man he kills comes from questions his daughter asks him about the war. He feels the sting years later† (Martin 2). O’Brien also revisits the site of the shitfield with his daughter. He starts to remember all the bad things that happened and it hurts him. O’Brien hates the bad memories; he hates a lot of things. Some of the men start to show hatred toward people who usually aren’t hateful. The men start to turn on each other in stressful situations when they would have never done it before. â€Å"Lee Strunk and Dave Jensen got into a fistfight. It was about something stupid, a missing jackknife, but even so the fight was vicious†¦. Strunk’s nose made a sharp snapping sound, like a firecracker† (O’Brien 62). The men show hatred in the fight and over nothing important at all. â€Å"In other circumstances it might’ve ended there. But this was Vietnam, where guys carried guns, and Dave Jensen started to worry. It was mostly in his head† (O’Brien 62-63). Dave Jensen starts to get paranoid and he hates Strunk for it. â€Å"One afternoon he began firing his weapon into the air, yelling Strunk’s name†¦. late that same night he borrowed a pistol, gripped it by the barrel, and used it like a hammer to break his own nose† (Oâ€⠄¢Brien 63). This just shows how hate is a part of Vietnam. O’Brien also shows hate toward some of his comrades. In a firefight O’Brien gets shot and needs help from the new medic Bobby Jorgenson, but Jorgenson freezes because he’s too afraid and forgets to treat O’Brien for shock. This causes him much more pain over the months because the wound wasn’t treated right and in time. O’Brien hates Jorgenson for it. â€Å"I wanted to hurt Bobby Jorgenson the way he’d hurt me† (O’Brien 200). Months later O’Brien and Jorgenson talk. O’Brien realizes that Jorgenson is really sorry and he can’t bring himself to say how he feels about it and just says its ok. â€Å"I hated him for making me stop hating him† (O’Brien 200). This isn’t like O’Brien to be hateful. He has become something he’s not. The war changes the men into bad things, things that aren’t themselves. O’Brien talk about how the war changes himself and his personality at times. â€Å"I’d come to this war a quiet, thoughtful sort of person†¦. I’d turned mean inside. Even a little cruel at times†¦. It’s a hard thing to admit, even to myself, but I was capable of evil† (O’Brien 200). O’Brien also talks about how one comes over innocent and but one leaves with a different identity. â€Å"You come over clean and you get dirty and then afterwards it’s never the same† (O’Brien 114). Other authors talk about how O’Brien shows the physical and mental devastation caused by the war. â€Å"Nowhere in The Things They Carried does O’Brien explain more clearly the psychic devastation wrought by wartime trauma† (Neilson 193). One sees the effect of the trauma even if the characters previous personalities aren’t kn own. The killing also has a big affect on O’Brien. O’Brien also talks about how the man he kills changes him because it is such a big deal to take a life. The author describes the soldier he kills. He describes everything from his wounds to his figure. He was a slim, dead, almost dainty young man of about twenty. He lay at the center of the red clay trail near the village of My Khe. His jaw was in his throat. His eye was shut, the other eye was a star shaped hole. I killed him. (O’Brien 203). Once O’Brien killed this man he was â€Å"broken in† to Vietnam. He no longer was clean, he was now dirty. â€Å"His first kill hastens his loss of innocence† (Herzog 133). The soldiers in the war aren’t the only ones who were changed by Vietnam. One soldier brings his girlfriend from the states to visit him in Vietnam. He has her flown in through cargo planes and brought to his camp. At first she is glad to see her boyfriend and one can tell they are in love because they spend every minute together. She begins to get curious though and wonders off camp many times to explore. Then one night she goes missing and she is gone for a couple of days. She returns with the â€Å"Greenies† or Green Berets. She tells him not to ask and not to worry about it and acts like she has done nothing wrong. This happens many other times and the soldier can tell that he is beginning to lose her. â€Å"When she begins disappearing with the ‘greenies’ and taking part in the night ambushes, she melts into ‘a small, soft shadow'† (Chen 90). She becomes something she originally wasn’t. Mary Anne starts to become one with Vietnam and she totally forgets about her boyfriend. In the end she is lost forever to Vietnam. â€Å"It becomes impossible to distinguish between Mary Anne and Vietnam† (Chen 91). Her boyfriend loses her and she is lost to Vietnam. Just one of many casualties of the war. â€Å"But in his final story O’Brien moves from his concern with moral corruption and war to one even more universally human: death† (O’Gorman 306). O’Brien also loses many things in the war. The worst part of the Vietnam War that O’Brien shows is his loss of companions and friends. The author talks many times about his comrades throughout the book. He loses many people close to him personally and physically. â€Å"There are five deaths in the novel†¦. Ted Lavender, Curt Lemon, Kiowa, Linda, and the slim Vietcong soldier† (Martin 1). The worst is the loss of his good friend. O’Brien loses his good and best friend there, Kiowa, in the shitfield. This death is the most devastating to him because of how it happened in the muck and because he was a good friend. â€Å"Kiowa was gone. He was under the mud and water, folded in with the war: Kiowa’s death actually makes him a part of the shitfield† (Chen 93). It is also very devastating because all of the men feel guilt about it because they couldn’t pull him out in time to possibly save him. Kiowa’s death is also pointless and has no purpose except to cause pain to his friends. â€Å"In the story of Kiowa’s death, we find a combination of senselessness of war with the guilt that must be carried by other† (Martin 2). This death affects everyone in the platoon but not all deaths are gruesome and ugly. An accident kills one of the young men, named Curt Lemon, and it’s described by O’Brien as an almost beautiful death. They were just goofing. There was a noise, I supposed, which must’ve been the detonator, so I glanced behind me and watched Lemon step from the shade into bright sunlight†¦.when he died it was almost beautiful, the way the sunlight came around him and lifted him up and sucked him high into a tree full of moss and vines and white blossoms. (O’Brien 70) The two soldiers are just playing a simple game and it all ends so suddenly. â€Å"He is playing a game with another soldier, a game of toss with a smoke grenade, when he accidentally steps on a landmine† (Martin 2). Lemon and O’Brien weren’t as good as friends as him and Kiowa but it was a bothersome death because Lemon was so young. â€Å"O’Brien speaks of him stepping into the light, and then the blast sucks him up into the trees†¦.what bothers O’Brien is that Curt Lemon is just a kid† (Martin 2). The death isn’t all-beautiful. O’Brien describes the mess that is made by the accident. â€Å"The white bone of an arm†¦.pieces of skin and something wet and yellow that must’ve been the intestines† (O’Brien 89). Another casualty happens because of bad luck. Lee Strunk dies in battle during a firefight. O’Brien describes the wound that Strunk gets. â€Å"In October Lee Strunk stepped on a rigged mortar round. It took off his right leg at the knee†¦.then he panicked. He tried to get up and run, but there was nothing left to run on† (O’Brien 65). Strunk didn’t die right away but not all death occur right after the accident happens. â€Å"Later we heard that Strunk died somewhere over Chu Lai† (O’Brien 66). The last death happens because of carelessness. Ted Lavender was always doped up and this in the end leads to his death. While going to the bathroom in the woods Lieutenant Cross is daydreaming and not keeping watch for enemy soldiers. While coming back from his bathroom break Lavender is shot in the head and killed on the spot. Cross never forgives himself for his death because he was daydreaming about girls and one of his men was killed. â€Å"Several incidents in The Things They Carried reveal moments when the male soldiers cannot communicate with one another† (Vernon 171). Death is only a small part of the whole picture. Tim O’Brien shows many of the negative sides of the war to the reader in ways that the reader can see how bad war is. He uses the examples of his friends dying, the whole ordeal in the shitfield, how war changes the men including the mental effects, and by showing how hateful one can become because of the stressful situations and the things one sees. O’Brien feels that he has to show all the negative sides of the war because he never wanted to go to war in the first place. Men go to war to fight battle that could be worked out peacefully and they fight and die for no reason. He feels that war is a bad thing and wants to show the reader that it’s a terrible thing and he does this very well. Even today war is a problem. Many young men are dying for no reason and it needs to stop. Works Cited Chen, Tina. â€Å"Unraveling the Deeper Meaning: Exile and the Embodied poetics of Displacement in Tim O’Briens The Things They Carried.† Contemporary Literature 29.1 (spring 1998): 77-98. Herzog, Tobey C. Vietnam War Stories Innocence Lost. London: Routledge, 1992. Martin, Paul L. 24 March, 2008. http://plmartinwrite.blogspot.com/2007/11/things-they-carried.html Neilson, Jim. Warring Fictions. Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 1998 O’Brien, Tim. The Things They Carried. New York: Broadway Books, 1990. O’Gorman, Farrel. â€Å"The Things They Carried as a Composite Novel.† War, Lit, and the Arts. Vernon, Alex. â€Å"Salvation, Storytelling and Pilgrimage in Tim O’Brien’s the Things They Carried.† Mosaic (Winnipeg) 36.4 (2003): 171+. Questia. 19 Mar. 2008 .